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Explora: Environment
and Resource Electrocatalyst for ammonia oxidation reaction

to shake-up processes. In Figure 11B, the Co 2p spectrum Consent for publication
exhibits a prominent peak at 781.42 eV, assigned to Co
2+
2p . For the oxygen 1s spectrum (Figure 11C), three Not applicable.
31
3/2
peaks at 530.52 eV, 531.44 eV, and 532.5 eV were resolved, Availability of data
corresponding to lattice oxygen (M-O), hydroxyl groups
(M-OH), and adsorbed water (H-O-H), respectively. Data will be made available upon request to the
31
Collectively, these XPS results confirm the successful corresponding author.
formation of NiCo-LDH. Finally, the XPS spectrum of the
Pt is shown in Figure 11D. Two peaks at 70.87 eV and 73.31 References
eV could be attributed to Pt 4f and Pt 4f , indicating that 1. Wang YJ, Wang R, Tanaka K, et al. Global spatiotemporal
5/2
7/2
Pt was zero-valent. In addition, the fitted peak at 68.10 eV optimization of photovoltaic and wind power to achieve the
could be ascribed to Ni 3p. These results indicated that Pt Paris agreement targets. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):2127.
30
nanoparticles have been deposited onto NiCo-LDH. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57292-w
4. Conclusion 2. Wuttke A, Bagger A. Predicting electrocatalytic urea
synthesis using a two-dimensional descriptor. Commun
This study successfully developed a high-performing Chem. 2025;8(1):30.
Pt-(NiCo-LDH) supported by NF through a solvothermal doi: 10.1038/s42004-025-01424-2
reaction and displacement reaction. All samples’
catalytic activities for AOR were measured. Among the 3. Shen Y, Fang N, Liu X, et al. Observation of metal-organic
prepared samples, Pt-(NiCo-LDH)-3 exhibited superior interphase in cu-based electrochemical co -to-ethanol
2
conversion. Nat Commun. 2025;16:2073.
electrocatalytic activity, with an oxidation peak current of
154.60 mA and a low onset potential of −0.38 V (versus doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57221-x
mercury/mercury oxide). The excellent electrocatalytic 4. Liu B, Meng K, Cheng B, Wang L, Liang G, Bie C. Prolonging
activity was mainly attributed to good synergistic effects; charge carrier lifetime in s-scheme heterojunctions via
NiCo-LDH nanowires provided a large specific surface area, ligand-to-metal charge transfer of Ni-MOF for photocatalytic
offering favorable conditions for the growth of Pt, while H production and simultaneous benzylamine coupling.
2
Pt showed good catalytic activity in the electrochemical J Mater Sci Technol. 2025;231:286-295.
oxidation of ammonia. This work presents a potential doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.013
catalyst for the AOR in direct ammonia fuel cells.
5. Ju C, Li K, Xu C, Bao F. Challenges and opportunities
Acknowledgment of hydrogen energy application in public transportation
in the post-epidemic period. Humanit Soc Sci Commun.
None. 2025;12:283.
Funding doi: 10.1057/s41599-024-04089-9
6. Wu S, Jiang Y, Luo W, et al. Ag-Co O -CoOOH-nanowires
This work was supported by the Innovation Training tandem catalyst for efficient electrocatalytic conversion of
3
4
Program for College Students of Bohai University nitrate to ammonia at low overpotential via triple reactions.
(202410167039). Adv Sci. 2023;10(33):e2303789.
Conflict of interest doi: 10.1002/advs.202303789
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 7. Ya Y, Xu YS, Elbanna AM, Liu Y, Sun B, Cheng X. Review of
direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells: Low temperature cell
Author contributions structure and ammonia decomposition strategies. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev. 2025;213:115350.
Conceptualization: Xinyue Wang, Jiali Gu, Liang Zhang doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115350
Investigation: Xinyu Zhao, Hongli Cai, Jialu Liu
Methodology: Liang Zhang, Yingying Zhao 8. Gong Z, Wang H, Li C, et al. Progress in the design and
Writing – original draft: Xinyue Wang, Liang Zhang performance evaluation of catalysts for low-temperature
Writing – review & editing: Xinyue Wang, Liang Zhang direct ammonia fuel cells. Green Chem Eng. 2025;6:54-67.
doi: 10.1016/j.gce.2024.06.001
Ethics approval and consent to participate
9. Zhang C, Hwanga SY, Peng Z. Shape-enhanced ammonia
Not applicable. electro-oxidation property of a cubic platinum nanocrystal

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 10 doi: 10.36922/EER025170033