Page 104 - ESAM-1-1

Engineering Science in
Additive Manufacturing Mechanical property of metal-based IPC

their constituent truss lattice and solid epoxy strengths Ethics approval and consent to participate
by 31.62% (FCC-IPC), 36.06% (FCCR-IPC), and
47.93% (FCCH-IPC). Furthermore, IPC metamaterials Not applicable.
demonstrated remarkable improvements in SEA, with Consent for publication
enhancements of 153.54%, 99.77%, and 141.36% for FCC,
FCCR, and FCCH configurations, respectively, compared Not applicable.
to their pure truss counterparts. These improvements are Availability of data
attributed to the synergistic interaction between the rigid
metal truss and the ductile epoxy resin, which mitigates The data that support the findings of this study are available
unstable strut buckling, redistributes stress, and facilitates from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
mixed deformation mechanisms including stretching,
bending, and shearing. This synergy not only enhances References
the load-bearing capacity but also delays the onset of 1. Zhong H, Das R, Gu J, Qian M. Low-density. High-strength
localized failure in IPCs, ensuring stable deformation metal mechanical metamaterials beyond the Gibson-Ashby
and energy dissipation. Furthermore, the deformation model. Mater Today. 2023;68:96-107.
and failure mechanisms of IPC metamaterials emphasize doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2023.07.018
the critical role of structural design. While FCCR-IPC 2. Ye J, Sun Z, Ding Y, Zheng Y, Zhou F. The deformation
achieved the highest compressive strength due to its mechanism, energy absorption behavior and optimal
vertical rib-reinforced design, its relatively brittle failure design of vertical-reinforced lattices. Thin Wall Struct.
mode constrained its SEA improvement. In contrast, FCC- 2023;190:110988.
IPC and FCCH-IPC exhibited greater SEA improvements, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2023.110988
attributed to their ability to suppress crack propagation and
preserve structural integrity under compressive loading. 3. Mori T, Wang H, Zhang W, et al. Pick and place process
for uniform shrinking of 3D printed micro- and nano-
Overall, these findings underscore the promising architected materials. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5876.
potential of the proposed IPC metamaterials to address doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41535-9
the inherent trade-off between strength and toughness
observed in traditional materials. 4. Li Z, Zeng K, Guo Z, et al. All-in-one: An interwoven dual-
phase strategy for acousto-mechanical multifunctionality in
Acknowledgments microlattice metamaterials. Adv Funct Mater. 2024:2420207.
None. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202420207
5. Gao T, Liu K, Ma Q, et al. Unveiling the mechanics of micro-
Funding LPBF manufactured hierarchical composites: A novel
This work was financially supported by the Science and FE-nested homogenisation approach. Virtual Phys Prototy.
Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province 2025;20(1):e2456693.
(2023RC1011) and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science doi: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2456693
Foundation of China (2023JJ10074). The authors would 6. Wang P, Yang F, Li P, Zhang W, Lu G, Fan H. Bio-inspired
like to express their gratitude for these financial supports. vertex modified lattice with enhanced mechanical
properties. Int J Mech Sci. 2023;244:108081.
Conflict of interest
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.108081
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
7. Zhang Z, Zhang L, Song B, Yao Y, Shi Y. Bamboo-inspired,
Author contributions simulation-guided design and 3D printing of light-weight
and high-strength mechanical metamaterials. Appl Mater
Conceptualization: Zhonggang Wang, Xinxin Wang Today. 2022;26:101268.
Data curation: Zhonggang Wang, Junjie Deng doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101268
Formal analysis: Xinxin Wang, Junjie Deng
Investigation: Junjie Deng, Xinxin Wang 8. Sun B, Yan X, Liu P, Xia Y, Lu L. Parametric plate lattices:
Modeling and optimization of plate lattices with superior
Methodology: Zhonggang Wang, Kai Wei mechanical properties. Addit Manuf. 2023;72:103626.
Writing–original draft: Zhonggang Wang, Junjie Deng
Writing–review & editing: Zhonggang Wang, Xinxin Wang, doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103626
Kai Wei 9. Wu J, Zhang Y, Yang F, et al. A hybrid architectural

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025) 9 doi: 10.36922/esam.8554