Page 49 - GHES-2-4

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Promoting peace through microbiology and sports

Figure 1. Flow chat of the review process. Source: From Ben Pulle’s Peace Designs. Created using Microsoft PowerPoint

Table 1. The top ten highest paying sports globally
Ranking Sport’s name Players on field Highest‑paid player Player’s average pay ($)
1. Boxing 2 Floyd Mayweather Jr. 600 million
2. Golf 1 Tiger Woods 127 million
3. Auto racing - Michael Schumacher 127 million
4. Football 22 Christiana Ronaldo 125 million
5. Basketball 10 LeBron James 97.1 million
6. Tennis 2 or 4 Roger Federer 90 million
7. American football 22 (53 backup) Tom Brady 75 million
8. Baseball 18 Alex Rodriguez 38 million
9. Ice hockey 12 Connor McDavid 12.5 million
10. Wrestling 2 (4 or over) Brock Lesnar 12 million
Sources: (Retrieved from; Johnson, 2023; Knight, 2023; Scholars Den., 2023; Icehockeyuk.co.uk., 2022; Maglovski, 2022).
2.2. Inclusion/exclusion criteria “fair play,” and “sport” were utilized to exclude
unnecessary articles from the review. The following
The following are the inclusion and exclusion criteria for criteria were applied:
the literature review. (i) Articles published before the year 2000 were excluded

2.2.1. Inclusion criteria from the study
(ii) Unhealthy experiences were strictly avoided, except
The following criteria were used to select related articles when providing advice
for review by independent reviewers: (iii) Literature that addressed different issues unrelated to
(i) Current articles/reliable information on microbiology the subject matter was not included.
or diseases (mostly infectious diseases and a few non- While this study is a comprehensive literature review,
communicable diseases), as well as articles on peace, aspects of a systematic review were incorporated. To
health, and entrepreneurship minimize bias, literature review tools such as the PRISMA
(ii) Current articles/reliable information on football/sport checklist (Sohrabi et al., 2021) were used as a guide for
in relation to the SDGs or the common good. including and excluding literature.
2.2.2. Exclusion criteria 2.3. Study’s limitations

To ensure the relevance and realism of the information, A questionnaire should have been utilized to gather
specific keywords such as “microbiology,” “infections/ respondents’ insights on the lessons that they have learned
diseases,” “non-communicable,” “medical or health,” from COVID-19 and sporting activities, particularly
“peace,” “entrepreneurship,” “COVID-19,” “football,” football. Answers on medical laboratory diagnosis

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2024) 5 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.2902