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Gene & Protein in Disease

REVIEW ARTICLE
Hematoma clearance by reactive microglia after

intracerebral hemorrhage

4
1
3
Zhenhua Zhang , Wei Xu 1,2† , Honghui Sheng , Leo Huang , Jiaxin Zhang ,
1†
1
6
5
1
7
Lanting Zhang , Limin Wang , Junmin Wang , Xiuhua Ren *, Chao Jiang *, and
Jian Wang *
1
1 Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University,
Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
2 School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
3 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
4 Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School, Dumfries, VA 20026, USA
5 High School Division of Zhengzhou Middle School, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
6 Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of
Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
7 Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
Province, China
Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high incidence rate and
† These authors contributed equally
to this work. mortality. The pathogenesis of ICH involves primary brain injury and secondary
brain injury. Unfortunately, no approved treatment options and therapies targeting
*Corresponding authors:
Xiuhua Ren them have shown satisfactory outcomes. Microglia are resident innate immune
(renxiuhua@zzu.edu.cn) cells with phagocytic function in the central nervous system that rapidly respond
Chao Jiang to brain injury. Recent research has indicated that reactive microglia with enhanced
(chaojzzu@126.com)
Jian Wang phagocytosis reprogrammed by the interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling pathway are
(jianwang2020@outlook.com) critical for endogenous hematoma clearance. In this review, we first summarize
Citation: Zhang Z, Xu W, Sheng H, the progress of microglial activation and function after ICH, focusing on specific
et al., 2023, Hematoma clearance microglial markers, pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, as well as phenotypic
by reactive microglia after and functional changes. The available evidence supports that microglia play a dual
intracerebral hemorrhage. Gene
Protein Dis, 2(2):336. role after ICH. Second, we summarize the results of previous studies on hematoma
https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.336 clearance, focusing on reactive microglia in clearing hematoma through endogenous
pathways reprogrammed by IL-10 or other molecules and necessitating the prospect
Received: January 26, 2023
Accepted: March 20, 2023 of further research in this field. This review will help us better understand the role of
Published Online: March 30, 2023 reactive microglia in hematoma clearance and identify potential therapeutic targets
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s). to facilitate translational research in this direction.
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; Microglial/microphage; Inflammation; Anti-
License, permitting distribution, and inflammation; Interleukin 10; Phagocytosis
reproduction in any medium, which
provided that the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with 1. Introduction
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is caused by blood leaking into the brain parenchyma
[1]
affiliations. due to rupture of the small cerebral artery or the cerebral arterial . For 10 – 15% of stroke

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 1 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.336