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Gene & Protein in Disease Gene polymorphism and chronic kidney disease

Table 5. Association of CCR2 genotype with the causes of chronic kidney disease
Causes Genotype Chi‑square test
GA GG
n % n %
Diabetic nephropathy (N=40) 21 70.0 19 59.4 χ =1.400; P=0.706
2
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (N=2) 1 3.3 1 3.1
Glomerulonephritis (N=7) 2 6.7 5 15.6
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (N=13) 6 20.0 7 21.9
Notes: The Chi-square (χ ) test was used to determine the association of the CCR2 genotype with causes of CKD. P<0.05 indicates a statistically
2
significant difference.
Table 6. Association of CCR2 genotype with renal function parameters

Parameters GA GG Student’s t‑test
Mean SD Mean SD t P
Urea (mg/dL) 104.82 69.04 64.28 45.83 3.859 < 0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL) 6.96 5.43 3.69 3.46 4.043 < 0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m ) 45.00 45.66 58.80 39.53 −1.708 0.090
2
Spot urine (mg/g) 212.18 191.86 84.84 116.13 4.559 < 0.001
Notes: Student’s -test was used to determine the association of the CCR2 genotype with renal function parameters. P<0.05 indicates a statistically
significant difference. Abbreviations: eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 7. Association of CCR2 gene (rs1799864) with the identify the role of polymorphisms in various genes and
stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the CKD group their implications for genetic predisposition to CKD in a
larger patient population, enhancing our understanding of
Stage (N=62) GA GG Chi‑square test the genetic basis underlying CKD.
n % n %
Non-ESRD (Grades 1–4) (n=34) 9 30.0 25 78.1 χ 14.480; 5. Conclusion
2=
ESRD (Grade 5) (n=28) 21 70.0 7 21.9 P<0.001 The findings of the present study suggest a significant
Notes: The Chi-square (χ ) test was used to determine the association association between the CCR2 GA genotype and CKD,
2
of the CCR2 genotype with the stages of CKD. P<0.05 indicates a along with deteriorating renal function and stages of renal
statistically significant difference. Abbreviation: ESRD: End-stage renal disease. While the G allele was more frequently observed
disease.
overall, the A allele demonstrated a significant association
to the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, there with CKD. Elevated levels of parameters indicating
is a potential to halt or even reverse the disease process deteriorating renal function (urea, creatinine, and spot
through targeted therapy . urine) were significantly associated with the GA genotype
[27]
of CCR2. These findings indicate that the GA genotype of
The novelty of this study lies in the evaluation of the CCR2 is associated with CKD, ESRD, severe albuminuria,
association of CCR2 with causes, age of onset, and duration of and renal dysfunction, but not with the causes or duration
CKD, which were discovered to be comparable. The present of CKD. However, the age of onset, duration, and
study also explored the correlation of the stage of renal disease causes of CKD demonstrated no association with CCR2
with CCR2, a facet with limited findings in contemporary polymorphism in the North Indian population.
studies, adding novelty to our research. However, a number
of shortcomings exist in this study. First, the sample size Acknowledgments
might be considered small, with only 62 CKD patients and
62 non-CKD controls. Second, selection bias was inevitable. We would like to acknowledge the entire Medical and
Third, our investigation was limited to the North Indian Research staff and our Era’s Lucknow Medical College for
population and did not encompass all regions. Therefore, their support and contributions to this study.
to validate our findings, further research with a larger Funding
sample size and a more diverse range of racial backgrounds
is required. Ongoing experiments in our laboratory aim to None.

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2253