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Gene & Protein in Disease Placenta, FASD, and soy

A B

C D

Figure 4. The inhibitory effects of ethanol on (A) Asph mRNA expression level and (B) ASPH immunoreactivity, as well as on (D) HES1 mRNA expression
level, and the stimulatory effects of dietary soy on (A) Asph mRNA expression level and (B) ASPH immunoreactivity, as well as on (C) Notch1 and (D) Hes1
mRNA expression levels. Asph, Notch1, and Hes1 mRNA expression levels were measured using qRT-PCR analysis, with results normalized to 18S rRNA.
ASPH immunoreactivity was measured using duplex ELISA, with immunoreactivity normalized to protein content. Inter-group statistical comparisons
were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (Table 2) followed by post hoc Tukey tests. The P ≤ 0.05 are considered statistically significant.
Notes: Con: Control; EtOH: Ethanol.
Abbreviations: ASPH: Aspartyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction.

signaling proteins and phospho-proteins. The shifts in The overall goal of the present study was to
1
phospho-protein levels correspond with the net dynamic investigate the mechanisms by which prenatal alcohol
results of kinase and phosphatase activities, along exposure impairs insulin and IGF signaling, and how
with the expression levels of corresponding signaling soy mitigates these effects by characterizing the relevant
molecules. However, we observed that replacing casein effects on gene (mRNA) expression. Conceptually,
with soy in the diets diminished or eliminated many ethanol could adversely impact intracellular signaling
of the alcohol-associated impairments in insulin/IGF through insulin/IGF pathways by altering protein
signaling in the placenta, reduced the occurrences of stability, turnover, and phosphorylation state through the
fetal loss, and prevented characteristic FASD-related regulation of kinase or phosphatase activities. Although
morphometric developmental abnormalities. Importantly, we used the same previously described model, this study
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the normalization of placentation and fetal growth was focused on insulin/IGF signaling through IRS pathways,
linked to the insulin-sensitizing and antioxidant effects primarily by measuring mRNA expression. In addition,
of soy, which enhanced signaling through the insulin and since ASPH is a downstream target of insulin/IGF, plays a
IGF-1 receptors and downstream through Akt pathways in critical role in trophoblast motility and invasion required
placental trophoblast. 1 for implantation, and has been shown to be inhibited by

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024) 7 doi: 10.36922/gpd.3113