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Gene & Protein in Disease β-cell regeneration and stem cell niche

Figure 8. The cancer stem cell niche in solid tumors is composed of a complex milieu that includes cancer cells, stem cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells,
fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (ECM), exosomes, and intrinsic factors. This niche contributes to the recurrence of tumor malignancy. Reprinted from Ju
et al. 30
Abbreviation: NK cell: Natural killer cell.

A B

Figure 9. A and B Islet hormone secretion and development are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Glucose metabolism leads to increased
ATP production in mitochondria, which closes ATP-regulated potassium channels (K ATP ), depolarizes β-cells, and opens voltage-dependent Ca channels.
2+
Reprinted from Thor. 10
our understanding of stem cell biology and propose novel signaling, as PP2A modulates Wnt signaling at various
treatments for malignancies driven by changes in Wnt levels. Protein dephosphorylation is a complicated and

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024) 10 doi: 10.36922/gpd.2996