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Gene & Protein in Disease β-cell regeneration and stem cell niche

Figure 5. Clinical and preclinical medications for cell regeneration viewed from an integrated perspective involving various cell types
Abbreviations: FMD: Fasting-mimicking diet; GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid; GCGR mAb: Glucagon receptor monoclonal antibody; GLP-1:
Glucagon-like peptide-1; ND: Not determined. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Wang et al. 14
through omics and focused analytics. In addition, they remains a subject of debate. This review underscores
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can help in the investigation of important genetic and several notable engineering-based advancements in stem
communication networks that regulate crucial stem cell cell biology. It encompasses a thorough examination of
functions. The foremost biological application of this the mechanisms influencing stem cell behavior and the
field is the potential utilization of stem cell research in corresponding methodologies for determining how the
tissue engineering projects, wherein cells directly address provision of appropriate matrix molecules, mechanical
illnesses or injuries (Figure 8). As Cesar et al. pointed out, cues, and/or chemical cues ultimately affects them. The
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stem cells can also be used to investigate and improve the review discusses various tools and techniques for devising
therapeutic potential of cutting-edge therapies. 35 biomaterial-based approaches to enhance and manipulate
The failure of numerous small-molecule chemical stem cell fate in vitro or simulate synthetic stem cell niches
compounds is often ascribed to toxicological concerns, in vivo.
emphasizing the imperative for improved preclinical models 5. G protein-coupled receptor signaling and
to assess cytotoxicity (especially concerning the liver and
heart), thereby significantly expediting pharmaceutical pancreatic β-cell
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drug development. Human stem cells hold promise for Recent research has provided insights into the mechanisms
application in high-throughput screening to evaluate drug by which mechanotransduction influences stem cell fate
pharmacology and toxicology, theoretically capable of and the intrinsic mechanical properties of stem cells,
producing an infinite number of distinct, differentiated revealing new perspectives on the role of biomechanics in
human cells. Nonetheless, the extent to which these stem cell fate determination. Significant advancements
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significant utilities will translate into short-term benefits in GPCR biology have recently emerged, providing
for human healthcare through stem cell utilization valuable knowledge that greatly informs current and

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024) 7 doi: 10.36922/gpd.2996