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Gene & Protein in Disease Perineural invasion in prostate cancer

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

Figure 5. Copy number alteration and mRNA expression analysis of GATA3 (A), BCL2 (B), CXCR2 (C), MMP9 (D), NCAM1 (E), NGFR (F), ROBO1 (G),
MPZ (H), AQP3 (I), NEFH (J), PER3 (K), and NR3C1 (L) genes in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
guidance pathway was activated in perineural invasion- been reported that Schwann cells are induced to migrate
negative prostate samples. In fact, previous studies have to the region close to the tumor at the beginning of the
demonstrated the involvement of axon guidance in the carcinogenic process. It was also suggested that Schwann
control of Schwann cell differentiation as well as neoplastic cells promote neoplastic invasion through direct contact
cell proliferation. 17-20 Besides, MPZ gene is associated with cancer cells, since paracrine signaling and matrix
with differentiated Schwann cells maintenance and was remodeling are not capable of inducing the migration
observed to be upregulated in negative perineural invasion process. Cell–cell contact between Schwann cells and
samples. tumor tissue is necessary to potentiate the ability of
It has also been demonstrated that axon guidance neoplastic cells to penetrate into the underlying tissue. 9,33,34
pathway is inactivated during Wallerian degeneration of After contact, the degradation of the ECM by Schwann cells
peripheral nerves. Together with macrophages, Schwann provokes the formation of tunnels or bands coated with
cells remove axon and myelin debris, paving the way for laminin, due to Schwann cells’ capacity to express MMPs,
subsequent axonal regrowth and nerve regeneration. especially MMP2 and MMP9. The neoplastic migration
26
Tumor cells benefit from nerve regeneration machinery to driven by ECM degradation is also dependent on NCAM1
promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. It has and N-cadherin (CDH2) produced by Schwann cells. 31

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 8 doi: 10.36922/gpd.3146