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Gene & Protein in Disease                                           Pre-metastatic niche oral cancer: Insights
































































            Figure 2. Correlation between CALCA, SERPINE1, MMP13, and SPP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Data were extracted
            from the TIMER web server. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
            Abbreviations: cor: Correlation; TPM: Transcripts per million.

            Notably, previous studies have demonstrated that,   the  CLOCK gene in an animal model resulted in
            although breast cancer patients have lower serum   diminished metastatic capacity. In vitro analyses further
            melatonin levels than healthy individuals, higher   demonstrated that elevated expression of the human
            melatonin levels are associated with metastasis    CLOCK gene in colorectal cancer cell lines induced
            development in the distal organ.  Wang et al.  analyzed   epithelial-mesenchymal  transition  and  activated
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            tissue specimens of patients with colorectal cancer and   angiogenic genes.  On the other hand, downregulation
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            showed that overexpression of the circadian locomotor   of PER1 has been observed in primary tumor samples
            output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene was associated with   from patients with OSCC.  In this study, we identified
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            metastatic development in lymph nodes. Silencing   dysregulation of circadian rhythm genes in metastatic
            Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024)                         18                              doi: 10.36922/gpd.2971
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