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Gene & Protein in Disease Gene fusions and chimeric RNAs

Table 3. Databases cataloging gene fusions
Database Tumor Non‑tumor Total entry URL
Mitelman Yes No 51,184 https://mitelmandatabase.isb-cgc.org/
FusionGDB Yes No 43,895 https://ccsm.uth.edu/FusionGDB/index.htm
ChimerDB 4.0 Yes No 67,610 https://www.kobic.re.kr/chimerdb/
ChiTaRS 5.0 Yes No 1,11,582 http://chitars.md.biu.ac.il/
LiGeA Yes No 3,77,540 http://hpc-bioinformatics.cineca.it/fusion/
Tumor Fusion Gene Data Portal Yes Yes 20,731 https://www.tumorfusions.org/
dbCRID Yes Yes 2643 http://c1.accurascience.com/dbCRID/
TICdb Yes No 1374 https://genetica.unav.edu/TICdb/
ConjoinGene Yes Yes 800 https://metasystems.riken.jp/conjoing/index
COSMIC Yes No 305 https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/fusion

uncovering new mutations, refining detection techniques, and the Zhengzhou University Young Teachers Basic
and understanding the mechanisms of chimeric RNA Research Training Project (JC23858081).
signaling pathways. Although many of the identified
chimeric RNAs are believed to be unique to cancer, Conflict of interest
they have also been detected in healthy tissues and cells. Fujun Qin is an Editorial Board Member of this journal
Therefore, it is important to validate a sufficient number but was not in any way involved in the editorial and
of non-tumor control samples before designating chimeric peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or
RNAs as cancer indicators. A major challenge in the study indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they
of chimeric RNAs is the lack of high-throughput methods have no known competing financial interests or personal
for investigating their functionality. The formation of non- relationships that could have influenced the work reported
conventional chimeric RNAs and their relationship with in this paper.
gene fusions pose unresolved queries that require further
investigation. However, by leveraging innovative high- Author contributions
throughput technologies such as deep sequencing, full- Conceptualization: Sangeen Khan, Yue Tang, Fujun Qin
length sequencing, and precise bioinformatics tools, these Visualization: Sangeen Khan, Yue Tang, Fujun Qin
challenges can be effectively addressed. Writing – original draft: Sangeen Khan, Yue Tang, Fujun
Acknowledgments Qin
Writing – review & editing: Xi Chen, Zhenguo Song, Lijun
The authors thank Sarah Lynch from the University of Wang, Chengjuan Zhang
Virginia for editing the manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Funding
Not applicable.
F.Q. was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No.81972421) and Joint Program Consent for publication
NSFC-Henan (No.U2004135); Y.T. was supported by Not applicable.
the Education and Teaching Reform Research and
the Practice Project for international students at ZZU Availability of data
(2022ZZUJGXMLXS-017); L.W. was supported by the Not applicable.
Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research
Project (LHGJ20210208); Z.S. was supported by the References
Program for Tackling Key Problems of Henan Department .
of Science and Technology (No.202102310033) and the 1. Rabbitts TH. Chromosomal translocations in human cancer
Nature. 1994;372:143-149.
Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research
Project (LHGJ20210191); C.Z. was supported by the Henan doi: 10.1038/372143a0
Provincial Young and Middle-aged Health Science and 2. Heim S, Mitelman F. Molecular screening for new fusion
Technology Innovation Talent Project (YXKC2021032) genes in cancer. Nat Genet. 2008;40:685-686.

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 12 doi: 10.36922/gpd.3641