Page 31 - GPD-4-3

Gene & Protein in Disease TNFA polymorphism and risk of endometriosis

minimize the effect of multiple comparisons. Univariate
HWE (FDR) 0.63 0.35 NA NA 0.35 0.632 0.35 0.35 0.350 logistic regression was performed to assess the association
between the genetic markers and disease risk. Odds ratios
HW 118 111 149 332 99 48 31 (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed
for each genetic model. For random-effects models
Control HT 57 52 93 152 68 17 32 (P < 0.10), the Dersimonian and Laird method was used,
while the Mantel–Haenszel method was employed for
HR 5 2 6 15 6 0 4 fixed-effects models (P ≥ 0.10). In addition, the Bonferroni
correction adjusted the significance threshold from 0.05
HW 95 96 140 275 95 36 34 to approximately 0.0071 to better account for multiple
comparisons.
Case HT 33 25 87 134 35 16 17 using Cochran’s Q test (χ²) alongside the I² statistic, with
Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated

HR 1 2 No data given No data given 19 23 5 13 0 a significance threshold set at 0.10. To explore potential
biases further, both Begg’s and Egger’s tests were applied.
A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the
impact of each study on the overall ORs and 95% CIs by
Genotyping tech PCR-RFLP PCR-PHFA PCR-RFLP SNP-array PCR-RFLP HRM-PCR PCR-RFLP PCR-RFLP PCR-RFLP systematically omitting each study. Throughout all stages of
the review, the meta-analysis adhered strictly to Cochrane
guidelines. The statistical analyses were performed using
the Meta-Statistical Genyo’s Analysis System, an online tool
Case/ Control 129/175 123/165 210/202 958/959 246/248 432/499 135/173 65/65 51/67 specifically designed for complex genetic meta-analyses. 23
To avoid random errors, trial sequential analysis (TSA)
was applied with a specific configuration of 80% power,
Source of control PB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB NG Abbreviations: CC: Case–control; CH: Cohort; FDR: False discovery rate; HB: Hospital based; HR: Homologous recombination; HT: Heterozygote; HW: Homozygote wild; HWE: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; NA: Not available; NG: Not given; PB: Population based; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PHFA: Preferential homoduplex formation assay; RFLP: Restriction fragment length 20% relative risk reduction, and a
This approach enabled us to determine whether the studies
included in the meta-analysis met the required sample size
Type of study CC CC CC CH CC CC CC CC CC criteria. 24,25

3. Result

Ethnicity Asian Asian Asian Caucasian Asian Asian Asian Asian Caucasian 3.1. Meta-analysis
In the present study, we identified 18 relevant studies
through a systematic review methodology in accordance

polymorphisms of the TNFA gene.
We extracted
11-22,26-31
Country Japan Japan Korea Australia South Korea China Iran Iran Greece with the PRISMA guidelines (Figure 2) to explore various
a range of features from each of the 18 included studies,
focusing on TNFA variants. These features encompassed
YOP 2004 2004 2008 2007 2008 2012 2012 2015 2019 polymorphism; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; YOP: Year of publication. aspects such as study design, sample size, participant
demographics, TNFA variants investigated, methodologies
employed, and genotypic data (Table 3). To ensure the
quality of the included studies, we applied the NOS.

threshold of >5 points required for inclusion, confirming
Authors Asghar et al. 21 Teramoto et al. 30 Chae et al. 18 Zhao et al. 12 Lee et al. 15 Mao et al. 19 Saliminejad et al. 20 Abutorabi et al. 26 Drakou et al. 22 Note: *Indicates statistical significance (P<0.05). Our analysis revealed that all studies met the minimum
their robustness and reliability in contributing to our
examination of TNFA variants (Table 4). This finding
Table 3. (Continued) No. Variant 1 -1031 T>C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and analyzed in this study.
suggests a high level of confidence in the data synthesized

3.1.1. -238 G>A
For the first upstream promoter SNP, -238 G>A, we

doi: 10.36922/gpd.5204
Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 5 identified six studies that investigated the relationship