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Global Translational Medicine Precision medicine via personalized nutrition

PPM-based nutrition should be integrated into the daily
diet to prevent and mitigate diseases commonly observed
in metabolic disorders.
Digitalization has transformed PN and PF by
empowering people to assume responsibility for their own
health, access tailored guidance, and make informed choices
for improved well-being. Digital tools can continually
improve data accuracy, providing users with more reliable
and valuable insights for making informed dietary choices.
Technological advancements, particularly in multiomics
and IT resources, have significantly propelled the field of
PN. These innovations hold great promise in developing
objective biomarkers for specific foods—through bioactive
components—and nutrient intake, providing an effective Figure 15. Personal input data elements of personalized nutrition (PN).
complement to current self-reported dietary recall In addition to phenotype data collected through questionnaires, tracking
devices, and software applications, there is an increasing emphasis among
methods. Proper application of these guiding principles providers on incorporating personal genetic or genomic information,
could pave the way for a standardized definition of PN and including the genetic makeup of the gut microbiome. Efforts are currently
facilitate a consensus on how to implement these tools in underway to establish an internationally agreed-upon framework that
clinical settings. defines the role of these scientific methods within PN. While a precise and
uniform definition of PN is still lacking, the inclusion of genetic variants
Nutrition experts and dietitians must not only grasp in personalized dietary recommendations is gaining support, despite
the fundamentals of these advancements but also stay limited scientific evidence supporting gene-based dietary guidance.
informed about ongoing research to position themselves This article aims to provide a science-based perspective on gene-based
PN and weight management. Most studies conducted to date have found
as leaders in delivering PN-guided therapies. Achieving little or no clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of gene-based
this requires collaboration among a diverse group of PN. At present, gene-based nutrition is not applicable to the treatment
professionals, including biodesigners, translational and of obesity. Nevertheless, personalized dietary recommendations based
clinical researchers, nutritionists, clinicians, nurses, on an individual’s genetic profile hold promise as an innovative approach
bioinformaticians, statisticians, chemists, and other key for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Future human intervention
studies are needed to establish the clinical validity of gene-based dietary
stakeholders. The new frontier in nutritional sciences lies in recommendations. 97
our ability to predictably engineer physiological networks
to optimize diet, health, and disease management. This integrative nutritional biomarker profile, combined with
multidisciplinary integration is essential for developing the characterization of specific food components, can
the knowledge needed to establish evidence-based PPM- determine their optimal PPM-based nutrition. Such
based nutrition. Ultimately, this collaboration will enable advancements are driving the development of innovative
more precise dietary interventions and improve health strategies for managing chronic diseases. PPM-based
monitoring strategies. 96 nutrition holds significant potential for promoting health
by incorporating comprehensive nutrigenomics analyses
4. The future of PN in PPM while accounting for an individual’s genetic profile.
PN, an interdisciplinary field, examines how nutrients Consequently, there is a growing need to identify novel
interact with the body to support health and well-being. nutritional biomarkers or biomarker patterns that connect
In daily practice, PN provides tailored health advice diet with health, thereby enhancing our understanding of
regarding food intake and health goals, such as the the role of nutrition in both health and disease. 98-100
guidance traditionally offered by doctors, dietitians, and The foundation of PN is supported by several factors,
nutritionists (Figure 15). including advancements in food analytics, the growing
Nutrition is inherently complex, influenced by a wide prevalence of nutrition-related diseases, the expansion
range of internal and external factors. To fully understand of public health programs, and the increasing role of
and address this complexity, holistic and network-based bioinformatics and mathematical modeling in nutrition
approaches are needed to uncover the dynamic interactions science. In addition, the concept of gene–diet interaction
within these systems across both temporal and spatial scales. and rising consumer demand for healthier food choices
Hence, the concept of PPM-based nutrition is to deliver further drive this field forward. The rapid progress in
precise nutritional recommendations personalized to each omics technologies and related analytical techniques
individual to promote a healthier lifestyle. An individual’s has significantly expanded their application in nutrition

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 75 doi: 10.36922/GTM025080017