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Global Translational Medicine Precision medicine via personalized nutrition

and safety, and analyze the body’s biological response to
different dietary patterns.
Foodomics is recognized as a subdiscipline within
the four major branches of omics, including genomics,
proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. The
emergence of genomics and proteomics in the 1990s was
driven by the advent of high-throughput technologies for
rapid DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS)-based
protein identification. This technological progress led to
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the development of microarrays, enabling the rapid and
comprehensive analysis of gene expression and giving rise
to transcriptomics in the early 2000s. These advancements,
Figure 14. Global personalized nutrition (PN) market. The global in turn, facilitated the emergence of metabolomics.
PN market is expected to reach USD 20.14 billion by 2029. Dietitians Metabolomics employs high-throughput analytical
worldwide have been incorporating PN into their practice since the
concept was first introduced. This approach delivers tailored nutritional chemistry techniques—such as liquid chromatography-MS,
guidance based on an individual’s physical, emotional, and clinical nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography-MS—
needs, considering factors such as genetic makeup, physical activity, to characterize the metabolome, the collection of small
microbiome composition, eating habits, and sleep patterns. The PN molecules involved in metabolism. Although metabolomics
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market is segmented by product type, age group, suppliers, dosage is not as rapid or high-throughput as genomics or proteomics,
forms, end-users, and applications. Analyzing growth trends within
these segments provides valuable market insights, helping identify key it allows researchers to analyze hundreds or even thousands
opportunities and support strategic decision-making. The PN market of metabolites simultaneously, rather than focusing on one
spans multiple regions, including North America (e.g., United States, or a few compounds. This capability has led to several
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Canada, and Mexico), Europe (e.g., Germany, Sweden, Poland, Denmark, large-scale metabolomic projects aimed at identifying and
Italy, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium,
Switzerland, Turkey, and Russia), Asia-Pacific (e.g., Japan, China, India, mapping the metabolomes of microbes, plants, and humans.
South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, These studies typically employ liquid chromatography-MS,
Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines), South America (e.g., Brazil nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography-MS,
and Argentina), and the Middle East and Africa (e.g., United Arab or a combination of these techniques to quantify and profile
Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and South Africa). North metabolites in cells, tissues, and biofluids. In addition, more
America leads the PN market, driven by growing consumer awareness of
health and wellness. The Asia-Pacific region is projected to experience targeted metabolomic research has been conducted to
significant growth between 2022 and 2029, largely due to rising obesity explore the metabolic responses of humans to various foods
rates and increasing demand for customized health solutions. 88 and dietary components, such as soy, citrus fruits, nuts,
meats, and tea, further advancing our understanding of the
and reviews are unified, progress can be achieved in the complex interactions between diet and metabolism. 95
field of human health for NPs. Metabolite levels are biologically significant because,
Diet is more than just the sum of its individual similar to the canary in a coal mine, they are often the first to
components, and food is not merely a collection of respond to both internal physiological changes and external
nutrients. Instead, the chemical, physical, and biological environmental factors. This makes metabolites valuable
properties contribute to sensory, safety, and functional for various purposes, including monitoring the body’s
attributes that extend beyond basic nutrition. Foods immediate reactions to stimuli, developing biomarkers for
with similar ingredients but different structures—such early disease detection, and enhancing food safety. While
as pre-cooked versus cooked rice with distinct starch there is clinical evidence supporting the establishment of a
compositions or raw versus homogenized milk with comprehensive and integrated framework for PPM-based
varying fat globule sizes—exhibit differences in digestion, nutritional interventions in clinical settings, this evidence
absorption, and metabolic responses. PF is an emerging is still limited. For example, interventional nutrition has
discipline within food and nutrition that integrates enabled the implementation of specific diets that have saved
high-throughput omics technologies to enhance human patients and their families from severe outcomes. Genetic
health, well-being, and nutritional knowledge. This field testing has helped to identify patients who are slow or fast
encompasses a wide range of research areas, including metabolizers in the context of wellness. While genomics-
nutrigenomics, and aims to explore the mechanisms of based PN has been applied, PPM-based nutrition still faces
bioactive food components in the body, quantify dietary challenges due to the lack of sufficient diagnostic tests for
biomarkers to assess health states, evaluate food quality full integration into clinical practice. To be fully effective,

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 74 doi: 10.36922/GTM025080017