Page 97 - IJAMD-1-3

International Journal of AI for
Materials and Design
Review of gas turbine blade failures by erosion

Table 14. (Continued)
Category Key points Details References
Factors Particle velocity Higher velocities increase material removal due to greater kinetic Taherkhani et al. 56
influencing energy transfer.
erosion rates Particle size Larger particles cause deeper and more extensive erosion damage. Branco et al. 58
Impact angle Steep angles (close to 90°) maximize erosion severity by transferring Wang et al. 33
more energy.
Operational High temperatures accelerate erosion by softening materials and Zhu et al. 59
temperature increasing oxidation.
55
Techniques for CFD Simulates gas flow, turbulence, and particle trajectories to predict Hamed et al., Taherkhani et al. 56
erosion analysis erosion-prone zones.
FEA Models stress distribution and crack propagation under Rajabinezhad et al. 76
erosion-induced loads.
SEM Visualizes surface damage, revealing pits, cracks, and coating Shin and Hamed, Branco et al. 58
57
degradation.
Experimental testing Validates computational models and provides empirical erosion rate Zhu et al. , Shin and Hamed 57
59
data.
Erosion Use of TBCs Apply YSZ-based TBCs with optimized porosity to protect against Shin and Hamed 57
mitigation thermal and mechanical erosion.
strategies Optimized blade Redesign leading edges to minimize particle impacts and turbulence. Hamed et al. 55
geometry
58
Material hardening Use superalloys and composite ceramics to enhance resistance against Branco et al., Kedir et al. 78
erosion and thermal stress.
59
Predictive Integrate IoT and ML for real-time erosion monitoring and proactive Zhu et al., Shin and Hamed 57
maintenance maintenance.
Blade Leading edge Frequent steep-angle impacts cause severe material loss, reducing Wang et al., Hamed et al. 55
33
vulnerability aerodynamic performance.
zones Trailing edge Flow separation leads to uneven erosion patterns and localized Hamed et al. 55
structural weakening.
Mid-blade surface Uniform erosion due to low-impact angles; results in gradual material Branco et al. 58
thinning.
Blade tips Combined thermal and mechanical erosion accelerates wear, Rajabinezhad et al. 76
increasing the risk of catastrophic failure.
Abbreviations: CFD: Computational fluid dynamics; FEA: Finite element analysis; IoT: Internet of things; ML: Machine learning; SEM: Scanning
electron microscopy; SPE: Solid particle erosion; TBCs: Thermal barrier coatings; YSZ: Yttria-stabilized zirconia.

6. Conclusions conditions. These insights emphasize the necessity for a
holistic approach to blade design, material selection, and
In this comprehensive review, a thorough analysis of the maintenance strategies, taking into account the diverse
critical aspects of gas turbine blade failures caused by operational environments and potential erosion sources.
erosion has been conducted. The findings underscore
the multifaceted nature of erosion-induced failures, Furthermore, the role of advanced materials, coatings,
highlighting the significance of this issue within the realm and innovative design modifications emerged as
of gas turbine operations. The current review identifies that promising avenues to mitigate erosion-induced failures.
erosion, stemming from various factors including particle The incorporation of protective coatings, such as TBCs
impingement, high-velocity fluid flow, and environmental and erosion-resistant materials, displayed potential in
conditions, significantly contributes to the deterioration enhancing the erosion resistance of gas turbine blades.
of gas turbine blades, impacting their performance and In addition, the adoption of aerodynamic enhancements
longevity. Through the examination of various case studies and modifications in blade geometries has shown promise
and experimental investigations, it becomes evident that in reducing erosion susceptibility, thereby improving the
erosion mechanisms entail a complex interplay between overall durability and efficiency of gas turbine systems.
material properties, environmental factors, and operational However, it is imperative to acknowledge the need for

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2024) 91 doi: 10.36922/ijamd.5188