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International Journal of Bioprinting Optimizing inkjet bioprinting

Figure 7. (A) Illustration depicting a two-step bioprinting approach for the design and fabrication of 3D-pigmented human skin constructs—fabrication
of biomimetic 3D hierarchical porous collagen-based dermal region followed by precise patterning of epidermal cells (keratinocytes and melanocytes)
at the optimal density over the collagen-based dermal constructs. (B) Representative images of 3D-pigmented human skin constructs fabricated via two
distinct approaches. (Left) 3D-bioprinted pigmented human skin constructs with uniform pigmentation, enclosed within the brown dotted line. (Right)
Manually cast 3D-pigmented human skin constructs with uneven pigmentation and presence of dark-pigmented spots, as indicated by the black arrows.
The pigmented area is enclosed within the brown dotted line, while the non-pigmented area is delineated by the black dotted line. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted
with permission from ref.
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approach leads to the development of in vitro skin tissue represent the primary functional and structural units
constructs with a certain degree of functionalities. within the lung parenchyma; they feature a thin tissue
barrier (~0.6–2 µm in thickness) that separates the airspace
6.2.2. Lung surface from the interior of capillaries. This air–blood
A typical pair of human lungs contain ~300 million alveoli, barrier primarily serves to facilitate gas exchange through
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that covers a total surface area of ~140 m . The alveoli diffusion, allowing for the uptake of oxygen and removal of
Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 197 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2135