Page 548 - IJB-10-3

International Journal of Bioprinting Engineered 3D-printed PVA vascular grafts

Table 1. Essential insights into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafts
Sample Stability
Microchannel development Chemical modification and lyophilization Flow testing
0D-3H Not stable Not stable Not stable
1D-3H Stable Not stable Not stable
3D-3H Stable Stable Stable
0D-24H Not stable Not stable Not stable
1D-24H Not stable Not stable Not stable
3D-24H Not stable Not stable Not stable
Abbreviations: D: Duration of thermal treatment (days); H: Duration of crosslinking (hours).

prepared for biological assessments (discussed in channels and GA during the crosslinking process (Figure
subsequent sections). 4A). To illustrate the chemical interactions occurring
within the PVA channels (0D-3H, 0D-24H, 1D-3H,
3.2. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with
attenuated total reflectance 1D-24H, 3D-3H, and 3D-24H), the prominent peaks
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated associated with acetate and hydroxyl groups from PVA
total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) was performed to assess were identified. Therefore, the main peaks are as follows:
the chemical interactions between the 3D-printed PVA 3375 cm attributed to the stretching vibration of the
−1

Figure 4. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra: (A) poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), glutaraldehyde (GA), and crosslinked PVA channels;
and (B) lysine-modified PVA graft (3D-3H-lysine) and unmodified PVA graft (3D-3H). Abbreviations: D: duration of thermal treatment (in days);
H: duration of crosslinking (in hours).

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 540 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2193