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Choudhury D, et al.

cosmetics company, L’Oréal (screening of cosmetics in 5C) bioprinter which 5 nozzles, 3 of which are specially
[62]
printed dermal tissue) . designed to dispense bioink and spheroids of any type or
[66]
size as well as cell suspensions or other biomaterials .
2.2 commercial 3D Bioprinting companies 3Dynamic Systems (3DS), a UK-based 3D Bioprinting
Since the launch of Organovo, many other bioprinting company offers two 3D bioprinters called 3Dynamic
companies have entered the market. Many of them offer Alpha (Figure 4F) and Omega, with the focus of
bioprinting systems for research use with several them constructing 3D transplantable bone and complex tissue
also selling proprietary bioinks while others such as constructs for injured patients [67] . 3DS have partnered
Tevido have focussed on recreating human tissue. In this with Bioink Solutions to offer a new gelatin-based
® [68]
section, we highlight the technology and differentiating bioink (Gel4Cell ) .
factor of each of these companies. Aether introduced its first bioprinter Aether 1 (Figure
3D Bioprinting Solutions (3dbio) successfully 3D 4K) in March 2016. The system boasts a multitude of
printed world’s first animal thyroid gland in March printing capabilities where 10+ different materials,
2015 [63] and transplanted into a living mouse [64] . With including viscous pastes, gels, ceramics, filament and
[69]
[64]
plans to fabricate artificial thyroid and kidney , 3dbio oils can be brought in use simultaneously . The other
has also been collaborating with Russia’s national optional features include high-resolution motors, a laser
space agency, United Rocket and Space Corporation system for ultra-high-precision cutting and engraving,
(URSC) to create a magnetic 3D bioprinter that can CNC milling machine, photocrosslinking UV LED,
fabricate artificial tissues in the International Space microscope, 3D electronics printer, and universal
[70]
Station . 3dbio is a subsidiary of Vivax Bio, a global modular fabrication device .
[65]
biotech company. Vivax Bio offers FABION (Figure Advanced Solutions Life Sciences (ASLS) offers two

Figure 4. Portable Bioprinters: (a) Allevi 2 (courtesy of Allevi, Philadelphia, US) (B) Scientist™ (courtesy of Seraph Robotics, US)
(c) CPD1 (courtesy of SunP Biotech International, NJ, US) (D) INKREDIBLE + (courtesy of CELLINK, Sweden) (e) REGEMAT
3D V1 (courtesy of Regemat 3D, Spain) (F) 3Dynamic Alpha (courtesy of 3Dyanmic Systems, UK) (G) Vitarix (courtesy of Pensees,
Republic of Korea) (H) r3bel (courtesy of Se3D, Santa Clara, US) (i) SYN^ (courtesy of Bio3D, Singapore) (J) BIOBOT™ (courtesy of
Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Kentucky, US) (K) Aether 1 (courtesy of Aether, San Francisco, US).

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