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3D bioprinting processes: A perspective on classification and terminology

of these processes are not the focus of this perspective produce bio-engineered structures. In this article, we
article. Instead, the paper examines the concept of proposed that these technologies can be categorized
3D bioprinting within the general technology field of into four distinct process categories (Figure 2), namely
3D printing (Figure 1). Discussion presented include material jetting, vat photopolymerization, material
the definition of classification, example of techniques extrusion and bioassembly. The classifications are
grouped under the same process, the range of materials based on the classification methods established for
and resolutions obtained and a summary on the standardization of terminology in additive manufacturing
application strategies of these techniques. with reference to the standard document ISO/ASTM
52900:2015-12 Standard Terminology for Additive
2. Classification of Cell-compatible 3D Manufacturing.
Bioprinting Technologies

In Groll et al. and Moroni et al. , bioprinting refers 2.1 Material Jetting
[1]
[2]
to the use of computer-aided transfer processes for Material jetting is a process in which droplets of build
patterning and assembling living and non-living material are selectively deposited onto a build bed to
materials with a prescribed 2D or 3D organization to develop a three-dimensional object [9,10] . The process

Figure 1. Process categories of 3D printing and proposed 3D bioprinting process categories

Figure 2. Categorizing biofabrication technologies and differentiating cell-compatible technologies

2 International Journal of Bioprinting (2018)–Volume 4, Issue 2