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Lee J M, et al.

Table 1. Summary of different bioprinting and bioassembly technologies

Bioprinting Techniques Materials Resolution Advantages Reference
Good resolution, Ultrafine droplets
Material Hydrogel: e.g. Alginate, collagen, <10 µm to 200 µm diameter, availability, [18–21]
Jetting fibrin, agarose, gelatin methacryloyl, Droplet volume of 1 pL to Precise deposition of materials
polyethylene glycol 7000 pL High speed printing of droplet

Hydrogel: e.g. Alginate, collagen, Relatively good resolution,
Material Extrusion fibrin, agarose, gelatin methacryloyl, 15–400 µm Easy to implement, [29–38]
polyethylene glycol Wide range of hydrogel materials,
Potential for multi-material bioprinting
Good resolution, Fast printing speed,
Vat Polymerization Light sensitive photopolymers 5–100 µm Nozzle-free, [60,61,67]
Printing (e.g. GelMA, PEGDA) Potentially free from support-structure
Bioassembly or Bio- Depends on the size of Direct cell manipulation, Scaffold-free [69–71]
placer Microtissues (cell spheroids, cell sheet) microtissues Multi-cellular construct for complex
tissue

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organs. Nat Biotechnol, 2014. 32(8): 773–785. http://dx.doi. generation of multiplexed cell cocultures using acoustic
org/10.1038/nbt.2958 droplet ejection followed by aqueous two-phase exclusion
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thermoresponsive hydrogels for next generation tissue Electrohydrodynamic jet processing: An advanced electric-
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