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International Journal of Bioprinting Biomaterials with antibacterial agents

manifest with a characteristic appearance, odor or color, are exhibited by silver. Silver ions are progressively released
and an excessive inflammatory response in the wound into the wound environment via silver-based biomaterials,
bed coupled with an unhealthy friable appearance of the such as silver nanoparticles or dressings impregnated with
granulation bed. In addition to promoting a favorable silver. These ions cause bacterial cell death by rupturing
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healing response, effective control of wound infections bacterial cell membranes, preventing DNA replication,
is crucial due to the high morbidity and mortality rates and interfering with cellular respiration. Silver cations
linked to wound infections. simultaneously harm the microorganisms through a
With technological advancements, a variety of anti- number of processes once they have gained entry into
infection chemicals have been developed to efficiently their cells. The functions of mitochondria, ribosomes, and
reduce bacterial contaminations. Functional biomaterials cell membrane can be affected by these ions as a result of
are essential for the management of chronic wounds their reaction with the thiol groups and disulfide bridges
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by providing a conducive and moist environment for of proteins present within these structures. Figure 5
healing and infection control, which are mediated through depicts mitochondria-mediated antibacterial actions
various mechanisms, including suppression or inhibition for controlling and limiting infections in the context of
of microbes, modulation of the wound environment, and wound healing.
stimulation of tissue regeneration. It has been reported 5. Conclusion and future perspectives
that 3D-printed wound dressing containing antibacterial
metals (Zn, Cu, and Ag) mixed with PCL boasts the most The fabrication of bioscaffolds from different biomaterials
potent bactericidal activity against the common skin- via 3D bioprinting for skin wound healing has garnered
infecting bacterium S. aureus. These broad-spectrum significant attention in recent years. Bioscaffolds offer a
antibacterial metals accelerated the healing of wounds. promising approach to promote successful wound healing
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Strong antibacterial qualities that can control infections by providing a supportive structure for cell attachment,

Figure 5. Mitochondria-mediated antibacterial actions. The figure was created with BioRender.com. Abbreviations: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ROS,
reactive oxygen species.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 96 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3372