Page 101 - IJB-10-4

International Journal of Bioprinting Biomaterials with antibacterial agents

damage and delayed wound healing process is production times and high risk of infection. By regulating several
of toxins by some bacteria. For example, exotoxins released cellular and molecular processes, and offering a
by certain bacteria can impair cellular function and delay favorable environment for tissue regeneration, functional
wound closure. Following that, under most circumstances, biomaterials combined with antibacterial compounds are
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bacterial colonization would turn into dysbiotic mode in essential for accelerating wound healing. By understanding
chronic wounds, particularly diabetic and pressure ulcers, the mechanisms of action of these functional biomaterials,
with an imbalance of harmful bacteria outnumbering the clinicians can choose the most appropriate dressing for
good bacteria. This dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation each patient’s and the healing process can be optimized
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and slow the healing process. Interestingly, certain thoroughly by enhancing the delivery of bioactive
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bacterial species, such as probiotics or beneficial strains molecules to the wound site. Antibacterial compounds
of bacteria found in honey (as in medical-grade honey can interact with biomaterials and influence wound healing
products), have been utilized therapeutically to enhance through several mechanisms. They play a crucial role in
wound healing. 58,59 These bacteria can help regulate the wound healing by directly targeting pathogens, reducing
wound environment, reduce inflammation, and promote inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration, preventing
tissue repair. Thus, the diverse microbial communities biofilm formation, modulating the wound microbiome,
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within the normal flora of the body play essential roles in and minimizing the risk of complications. A good grasp
maintaining skin health and promoting efficient wound of these mechanisms can guide healthcare professionals to
healing. Disruption of this microbial balance, such as choose the most appropriate antibacterial treatments for
through antibiotic use or manipulation of environmental optimizing wound healing outcomes.
factors, can compromise wound healing and increase the
risk of infection. Understanding how bacteria influence 4.1. Inflammatory response
wound healing is critical for designing effective wound Inflammatory response is a fundamental aspect of the
management and infection control measures. body’s defense mechanism against tissue damage (Figure 4).
Following skin tissue damage caused by trauma, infection,
4. Mechanism of action of functional or other means, the inflammatory response plays crucial
biomaterials in chronic wound healing roles in both pathological and normal recoveries. Both of
internal and external factors can influence the inherently
Pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and venous ulcers are complex inflammatory response. Inflammatory response
examples of chronic wounds that present a substantial refers to the body’s initial response to tissue damage,
healthcare problem because of their protracted healing which is controlled by a variety of immune cells, cytokines,

Figure 4. The mechanism of inflammatory response in a wound context. The figure was created with BioRender.com.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 93 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3372