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International Journal of Bioprinting Biomaterials with antibacterial agents

Table 2. Properties and wound healing action of 3D-bioprinted synthetic polymeric biomaterials.
Polymer Details Properties Type of 3D printing Results of wound healing application
(bioink-based)
PVA • Synthesized • Water-soluble, colorless, odorless Extrusion-based 3D The biocompatible PVA/PCL sandwich
using free-radical • Biodegradable bioprinting systems scaffolds, produced with 3D printing
polymerization of • Highly crystalline technology, may offer an alternative
vinyl acetate 104 • Hydrophilic 105 to existing drug delivery systems and
may be a promising candidate for
enhancing diabetic wound healing. In
vitro cell-based assessments established
that the scaffolds were not cytotoxic to
the cells. 106
PLA • Monomer connected • Naturally degradable Extrusion-based 3D The PLA/lignin was used to design
with an ester bond • Hydrophobic bioprinting systems meshes with different designs for
• Aliphatic ester • Highly stable wound dressing purposes. A potential
• Assembly with • Chemically inert application scenario for this material is
complex structures • Tunable mechanical property 108 as a wound dressing material owing to
such as branched, the antioxidant activity of the composite
star-shaped, or material that can contribute to wound
grafted 107 closure 109
PEG • Repeating unit of • Water-soluble polymer Extrusion-based 3D The 3D-printed PEG/sodium alginate
ethylene glycol • Semicrystalline bioprinting systems composite scaffolds demonstrated
• Synthesized using • Biocompatible 111 wound healing potential effects on
low-molecular- diabetic ulcer. The scaffolds exhibited
weight polyether remarkable antibacterial effect,
monomers derived especially against Gram-positive
from ethylene bacteria, due to the antibacterial
oxide 110 Satureja cuneifolia extract they
contain. 112
PLGA • A co-polymer • Biocompatible Extrusion-based 3D The 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds
composed of two • Biodegradable bioprinting systems demonstrated good biocompatibility in
different monomers, • Tunable mechanical properties. 114 in vitro cell assays and in vivo murine
the cyclic dimers models. Porcine study based on partial
of glycolic acid and thickness burn wound model showed
lactic acid that these PLGA scaffolds facilitated
• Undergoes hydrolysis re-epithelization with reduced
in the body inflammation as compared to Biobrane,
• FDA-approved for the clinical gold standard for second-
use in therapeutic degree burn wound treatment. 115
devices. 113
PCL • Synthesized by • Partially crystalline Extrusion-based 3D PCL/lignin-based 3D-printed dressings
ring-opening • Hydrophobic in nature bioprinting systems loaded with a novel combination
polymerization of • Slow degradation rate of bioactive agents (curcumin and
ε-caprolactone • Good elastic property 117 d-panthenol) for wound healing were
• Linear polyester 116 investigated. The printed scaffolds
were tested using a Wistar rat animal
model to evaluate their wound healing
potential, as well as their safety. The
results of the in vivo assay showed
that dressings containing both drugs
exhibited marked improvements from
the early to the end stages of the wound
healing process 118
Abbreviations: FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; PCL, polycaprolactone; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLA, polylactic acid; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-
glycolic acid; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 89 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3372