Page 95 - IJB-10-4

International Journal of Bioprinting Biomaterials with antibacterial agents

Table 1. Properties and wound healing action of 3D-bioprinted natural polymeric biomaterials.
Polymer Details Properties Type of 3D Results of wound healing application
(bioink-based) printing
Collagen • Main structural components • Biodegradable Inkjet-based A study showed that eight layers of
of the ECM. 90 • Biocompatible system collagen precursor were sequentially
• Made of amino acids, which • Weakly antigenic deposited to enable the printing of
are joined to create an • Hemostatic agent multilayered 3D skin constructs. When
elongated fibril with a triple • High tensile strength these 3D-printed grafts were implanted
helix 91 on the dorsum of immunodeficient
mice, the mouse microvessels arose
from the wound bed and became
perfused within 4 weeks after
implantation. 92
Gelatin • A denatured form of collagen • Low viscosity Extrusion-based The printed hydrogel of hybrid
(partial hydrolysis) • Dispersion stability 3D bioprinting gelatin-PVA, which was crosslinked
• Gel-forming properties • Good water-retention systems with natural crosslinker (genipin), was
• Colorless property fabricated for chronic wound healing.
• Flavorless The fabricated scaffold showed low
• Transcluent 93 toxicity and also exhibited superior
properties in an in vitro experiment
using primary human dermal
fibroblast cells. 19,94
Chitosan • Made up of distributed • Non-toxic Extrusion-based Porous 3D-printed chitosan scaffolds
β-(14)-linked D-glucosamine • Biodegradability 3D bioprinting for skin tissue regeneration were
and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine • Antifungal property systems fabricated. In vivo tests carried out on
units • Can stimulate the immune streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
• Linear polysaccharides which system 96 demonstrated that the 3D-printed
are randomly arranged 95 scaffolds improved the quality of the
restored tissue as compared to both
commercial patch and spontaneous
healing. 97
Hyaluronic acid • Naturally occurring • Colorless, clear, and Extrusion-based 3D-printed hyaluronic acid hydrogel
chemicals, which are translucent 3D bioprinting scaffolds with adhesive, anti-
abundant in articular • Biodegradable systems inflammatory, and proangiogenic
cartilage and synovial fluid • Biocompatible properties for tissue engineering
• Non-protein-based • Good fluid-retention were developed. The scaffolds were
glycosaminoglycan with property evaluated in the dorsal skinfold
characteristic physiochemical • As one of natural chamber mouse model by means of
properties 98 compounds in human intravital fluorescence microscopy,
body 99 histology, and immunohistochemistry
throughout an observation period of
14 days 100
Alginate • Consisting of α-l-guluronic • Low cost Extrusion-based A 3D-printed dressing with 75%
acid (G) and β-d-mannuronic • Biocompatible 3D bioprinting gelatin and 25% alginate showed the
acid (M) residues, arranged • Biodegradable systems best trade-off between mechanical
linearly in 1,4-glycosidic • Water solubility properties, hydration activity, and in
linkages • Viscous vitro biological response. Findings
• Linearly arranged anionic • Stable in both solid and from in vivo test using the most
biopolymer that is found in solution form 102 effective dressing showed the positive
brown algae and bacteria 101 effect of 3D-printed porous pattern on
wound healing, including faster wound
closure, regenerated hair follicles,
and non-traumatic dressing removal
compared to the non-printed hydrogel
with the same composition and the
standard of care. 103
Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 87 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3372