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Designs and Applications of EHD 3D Printing

A B

C D

E F

Figure 2. (A) Layout of desktop e-jet system and related hardware. (B) A multinozzle holder (from ). (C) An EHD printing system with
[10]
multiprinting head (adapted from Sutanto et al. ). (D) The jetting angle in linear array multinozzle EHD inkjet printing head (Adapted from
[11]
Choi et al. ). (E) End effects in an array of multiple emitters (adapted from Tran et al. ). (F) Axisymmetric cone-jets formed at apex of
[15]
[12]
each nozzle (adapted from Khan et al. ).
[7]
reduced by taking a triangular array of nozzles instead
of a traditional linear array of nozzles . The end effect
[12]
between the neighboring jets reduces with a decrease of
nozzle diameter. However, the smaller diameter of the
nozzle may cause a risk of nozzle blockage .
[7]
2.2. Nozzle-ring Electrode Configuration
A nozzle-ring electrode configuration is designed to
integrate the nozzle and ground electrode to eliminate the
disturbance due to the surface irregularity of the substrate,
to enable printing on a non-conductive surface, and to
overcome restriction of standoff distance. As shown in
Figure 3, A single nozzle-ring electrode was employed
to investigate the formation of organic solvent jet .
[18]
Figure 3. Schematic of nozzle-ring electrode configuration Kim compared onset voltage of two types of electrodes
[18]
(adapted from Zhang et al. ). (plane- and hole-type) by adjusting different processing

4 International Journal of Bioprinting (2019)–Volume 5, Issue 1