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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting for nanoparticle evaluation

Table 3. Bioprinted models for inflammatory disease, toxicity, drug release, and tissue engineering.
Printed Used NPs Used drug Cell line Main materials of Bioprinting NPs evaluation study Ref.
model bioink method
Inflammatory Albumin NPs Roxadustat, Caco-2, Polysaccharide Extrusion- Transepithelial electrical 101
disease caffeic acid HT29 components, based resistance
phenethyl ester alginate, hydrated bioprinting
cellulose nanofibrils
Toxicity Copper oxide NP N/A Human Porcine gelatin, µCOP system Gene expression related 112
coated with bovine iPSCs methacrylic to mitochondrial
serum albumin anhydride biogenesis, cell viability
Polydispersity N/A Calu-3 Alginate/gelatin/ Extrusion- Toxicity 115
colloidal silver NP, Matrigel based
atoxic carboxyl- bioprinting
modified fluorescent
NP
Drug release Dextran sulfate, Minocycline L929 GelMA Extrusion- Drug release 123
magnesium ions hydrochloride fibroblast based
bioprinting
Tissue N-vinylcaprolactam, Catechol L929 CMCh, HAox Extrusion- Cell viability 131
engineering 2-hydroxyethyl based
and methacrylate bioprinting
regenerative
medicine
Abbreviations: CMCh: Carboxymethyl chitosan; GelMA: Gelatin methacryloyl; HAox: Oxidized hyaluronic acid; NP: Nanoparticle;
µCOP: Micro-continuous optical printing.

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2.2. Three-dimensional printed tumor models characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. This pH-
with alginate-gelatin-nanoclay scaffolds for responsive drug release enhances the targeting efficiency of
evaluating curcumin-loaded nanoparticles in breast the NPs, potentially leading to better therapeutic outcomes
cancer therapy with reduced side effects. The researchers also demonstrated
The study by Su et al. presents an innovative approach that CurNPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against
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that combines curcumin-loaded NPs (CurNPs) with breast cancer cells in the 3D tumor models. The 3D
3D-printed bionic tumor models to evaluate and enhance models supported cell proliferation and more accurately
breast cancer treatment. The researchers utilized 3D reflected the characteristics of tumor cells, providing
cell culture models to create a more realistic tumor high reliability in drug screening and therapeutic efficacy
microenvironment, thereby addressing the limitations of evaluation. This study indicates that the combination of
conventional 2D culture methods. To synthesize CurNPs, CurNPs with 3D-printed tumor models presents a novel
the researchers encapsulated curcumin, a traditional approach to breast cancer treatment, overcoming the
anticancer agent, in a polymer (Pluronic® F127) using limitations of traditional therapies and contributing to
the nanoprecipitation method. This process produced the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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NPs with excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Thus, Su et al. have shown that merging NPs with 3D
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CurNPs demonstrated significant anticancer effects bioprinting technology opens new possibilities for breast
against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), showing high cancer treatment evaluation.
internalization and excellent cytotoxicity.
2.3. Three-dimensional bioprinted GelMA constructs
To create realistic 3D tumor models, Su et al. prepared for photothermal therapy with keratin-coated gold
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hybrid scaffolds using sodium alginate, gelatin, and nanoparticles in glioblastoma treatment
nanoclay. These materials were selected for their printability Chirivì et al. conducted an innovative study integrating
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and mechanical properties, crucial for maintaining the biomimetic keratin-coated gold NPs (Ker-AuNPs)
structure and function of the 3D models. The printed with advanced 3D bioprinting technology to develop
scaffolds exhibited strong mechanical properties through a glioblastoma tumor model for photothermal therapy
rapid crosslinking, making them suitable for long-term (PTT) (Figure 2). This approach offers a compelling
cell culture. Experimental results showed that CurNPs alternative to traditional 2D culture systems, enabling
had a higher release rate in acidic conditions, which is more realistic tumor models that better mimic the complex

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 5 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4273