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Bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoids to defeat COVID-19

(Contd...)
Ref. [75] [67] [69] [68] [76] [70] [77] [78]

remained viable for up to 40 days The 3D model was susceptible to infection and It reproduced all steps of the viral lifecycle • The virus infection model was developed Infection-induced changes in histology and protein expression were revealed • Efficacy of pritelivir and acyclovir was similar IC50 of acyclovir in 2D cultures was lower than HNVECs and their spheres had normal morphology and expressed epithelial markers The hNVEC sphere

Outcomes • • observed in vivo • • that in 3D cultures • • • • • • • • •

Fabrication method Microfluidic chip Microneedle pretreatment Cultivation in Matrigel coated well plates Air-liquid interface Cultivation in coated well plates Cultivation in non- adhesive well plates; encapsulation Encapsulation in mini- construct chambers Cultivation in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor

Biomaterial Collagen-coated polystyrene scaffolds – Matrigel – Basement membrane extract Matrigel Collagen Cultispher microcarrier beads

Human abdominal skin explant Organoids from iPSCs

Tissue model
Table 1. (Continued). Cells Hepatotrophic viruses hPH HBV Herpesviruses HSV-1 iPSC HSV-1 hNVECs HSV-2 PSCs HCMV HCMV HFF HCMV NHNP VZV

16 Virus International Journal of Bioprinting (2020)–Volume 6, Issue 4