Page 257 - IJB-10-6

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed contractive pennate muscle

Figure 4. Contraction simulation of pennate and parallel muscle models. (A) Boundary condition settings for mechanical simulation. (B) Contraction
displacement and strain of respective pennate and parallel muscle models.

long axis on total deformation was also investigated for employed as bioinks for 3D printing. Phosphate-buffered
microstructural design optimization. As a result, the saline (PBS; Corning, United States of America [USA])
compression force was applied along the direction of the was utilized for washing cells and tissues. Growth medium
pennate angle on the model to simulate the force output (GM) was composed of 89% Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s
of the pennate myotubes. The total deformation and medium (DMEM, Corning, USA), 10% fetal bovine
equivalent strain of the model were then calculated. Finally, serum (FBS; FSP500; Excell, China), and 1% penicillin-
the deformation performance of muscle models, including streptomycin solution (PS; PB180120; Procell, China).
macro and microparameters, was evaluated based on the Differentiation medium (DM) was composed of 89%
simulation results (Figure 4B). DMEM, 10% horse serum (HS; SH30074.02; Cytiva, USA),
1% PS, 1 mg/mL 6-aminocaproic acid (ACA; A7824-25G;
2.3. Materials Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and 50 ng/mL insulin-like growth
factor (IGF-1; I8830; Solarbio, China). Trypsin-EDTA
C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts (CL-0044; Pricella, (25200072; Gibco, USA) was applied to digest cells from
China) under five passages, gelatin methacryloyl petri dishes. The Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit
(GelMA; GM-60; EFL, China), and lithium phenyl-2,4,6- (L3224; Invitrogen, USA), consisting of calcein AM and
trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP; EFL, China) were ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1), was exploited for

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 249 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4371