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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-printed scaffold for biomolecule delivery

Figure 5. Cellular responses of the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells on the scaffolds. (a) Cell morphology images of cells adhered to the scaffold
for 2 h. (b) Number of adherent cells cultured for 24 h. (c) Proliferation of cells cultured for 14 days. (d and e) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP; d) and Alizarin
Red S (e) assays evaluating the osteogenic capacity of the scaffold. All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The optical images represent the
stained cells on the scaffold. Significant difference between groups is indicated as: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Scale bars: 20 µm. Abbreviation:
O.D.: Optical density.

The stem cells were represented in higher adhesion, and this study, bFGF plays role in a key factor in controlling
the stemness was controlled by modified bFGFs. The cellular responses, including adhesion and proliferation.
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bFGF supplementation increased proliferation with The initial release of bFGF from the second layer enhances
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hepatocyte GF expression in mesenchymal stem cells. cell attachment and proliferation. Simultaneously, bFGF
Moreover, Rick et al. explained that bFGF increased had a synergistic effect in the BMP-2 release group in
osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and terms of stem cell osteogenesis. Various combinations
pre-osteoblasts, along with an increase in BMP-6. In of GFs have been used to modulate the stem cell fate in
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Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 452 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4638