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International Journal of Bioprinting Redefined collagen inks in cartilage printing

Figure 11. Gene set enrichment analysis of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells for chondrogenesis-related transcriptional programs. Enrichment for
cartilage and chondrocyte development of SVF cells bioprinted in collagen (left column), in biofunctionalized collagen (middle), and of SVF cells cultured
in 3D culture (spheroids/micromasses). Abbreviations: NES: Normalized enrichment score; FDR: False discovery rate adjusted p-values.

signaling pathway (17 genes are uniquely upregulated in metabolic processes (Figure 13), reveals the effect
that bioink; Figure S6, Supporting Information right-hand of biofunctionalization.
side) strongly suggests the uptake of the GF by the cells Of note, the transcriptomic analysis also suggested
within the prints. Likewise, the enrichment of genes related another important point if SVF cells were to be differentiated
to cartilage morphogenesis and development, particularly into chondrocytes; TGF-β induces chondrogenesis gene
those related to proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan expression, but it can also drive cell differentiation via other

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 510 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4566