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Dong, et al.
to reduced swelling and a more significant number of TA-mediated composite hydrogel promoted the significant
interaction sites for cell attachment . However, for proliferation of BMSCs and osteogenic and chondrogenic
[42]
the T10 hydrogel, the growth rate of the BMSCs was differentiation. The developed multifunctional composite
slow. This might have occurred because the excessive hydrogel could be a promising candidate for osteochondral
crosslinking density was not conducive to cell growth . defect repair in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
[15]
In this study, the T5-mediated hydrogel promoted the
significant proliferation of BMSCs. Acknowledgments
To study the osteogenic differentiation of the This work was supported by the National Natural Science
hydrogels, the ALP and ARS activities and expression Foundation of China (Grant No.52075324) and the Cross-
of osteogenic genes were evaluated. As shown in Institute Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Figure 9A, the expression of ALP increased with (Grant No. YG2021ZD06).
culture time. Among them, the T5 group had the highest
expression of ALP, and the NAGA group had the lowest Conflict of interest
expression. The ARS results revealed more mineralized
nodules in the T5 and T10 groups, and the staining of The authors declare no conflict of interest.
the mineralized matrix was significantly deepened. The Author contributions
osteogenic gene expression (COL I, RUNX2, OCN, and
ALP) of BMSCs in the NGL3, T5, and T10 hydrogels All authors have made substantial contributions to
was considerably higher than that in the NAGA hydrogels conception and design of the study. X. Li guided and
(Figure 9B). This showed that adding clay and TA to the supervised the project. L.L. Dong and Z.Z. Han conducted
hydrogel could synergistically promote the osteogenic experiments and contributed intellectually to the scientific
differentiation of BMSCs. Nanoclay has been associated design of the project.
with enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The previous
research confirmed that TA has excellent antioxidant References
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Furthermore, the chondrogenic differentiation of the triggered On-demand Cur Release from Gel-PDA@Cur
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4. Conclusion https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001122
5. Walker BW, Lara RP, Yu CH, et al., 2019, Engineering a
A novel multifunctional hydrogel was developed using a Naturally-derived Adhesive and Conductive Cardiopatch.
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