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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting of tissue with carbon nanomaterials

Ref. [99] [100] [101] [102] [103]

Biological outcomes/ tissue engi- neering application PEGDA-MWCNTs (0.1 wt%) en- hanced neural stem cell proliferation and early neuronal differentiation compared to other composites after 7 days of culture. Nerve tissue regeneration Gel-SA and Gel-SA-CNTs (0.5%) had good cell viability and cell adhesion rate compared to Gel-SA- CNTs (1%). Vascular tissue engineering 3D-PPF-ssDNA@CNTs significantly improved cell adhesion and cell spreading u

NSCs (30 × 10 3 cells/ well) BALB/c skin fibroblasts (4 × 10 5 cells/mL) (40 × 10 3 cells/well) NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (0.04 × 10 6 cells/ C2C12 mouse myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/scaffold)

In vitro MC3T3 cells construct)

Bioprinters, crosslinking mecha- nisms, and scaffold’s dimensions PBB (Printrbot® rapid prototyping) Ultrasonication (20 KHz, 1 hour) Circular disks (diameter = 10 mm) EBB (Regenovo Bio-Architect Pro, China) Ca 2+ ionic cross linkage Tubular scaffold (inner diameter = 3.0 mm, outer diameter = 4.0 mm, length = 7–10 cm, wall thickness = 0.5 mm) PBB (VIPER si2 Stereolithography System, Valencia, CA) Photoinitiation by BAPO Orthogonal cubic-latt

CFNs-containing biomaterial ink PEGDA and PEGDA-MWCNTs (MWCNTs: 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%) Gel-SA and Gel-SA-CNTs (CNTs: 0.5 and 1%, w/v) (Gel-SA-gelatin- sodium alginate) 3D-PPF, 3D-PPF-ssDNA, 3D-PPF-CNT, and 3D-PPF-ssD- NA@CNTs (CNTs: 0.5 mg/mL) Alg-Gel-CNFs (CNFs: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5% w/v) (Alg-Gel-alginate-gelatin) PCL, CM-03/PCL, and CM-03K/ PCL

Table 1. Continued CFNs and dimensions Amine functionalized MWCNTs (purchased from Cheap Tubes Inc.; outer diameter = 15–37 nm; L = 1–1,000 nm) CNTs (obtained from the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ssDNA@CNTs (2–10 nm) (Sigma Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) CNFs (D = 100 nm; L = 20– 200 µm) (Sigma-Aldrich, Ireland) Carbonaceous material (CM) derived from algae-based biomass (prepared by the hydrothermal carbonizatio

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 188 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.635