Page 350 - IJB-9-1

International Journal of Bioprinting High-performance electrospun PVDF/AgNP/Mxene fiber

Figure 2. (A) Low-magnification TEM image of the 2D MXene Ti C , (B) High-magnification TEM image of the synthesized stacked layers of the bulk
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Mxene, (C) SAED pattern, and (D) EDS spectrum and atomic percentages of the residue of Ti C MXene.
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3. Results and discussion conductivity is better than those of other solution-processed
nanomaterials, 2D titanium carbide MXene is a promising
3.1. MXene material for producing conducting and stretchy fibers.
The as-synthesized MXene Ti C powder was characterized MXenes are a broad classification of 2D materials that have
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using TEM, SAED patterns, and energy dispersive extraordinarily high electrical conductivity (up to 10 S/cm).
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spectrometry (EDS). Figure 2A and B presents low- and We assumed that the inclusion of this MXene would
high-magnification TEM images, revealing the flake-like improve the conductivity of the polymer solution; thus, in
appearance of nanosheets following exfoliation, along order to develop fibers that have a unique mix of electrical
with apparent layered structures of the MXene material. conductivity and stretchability, a better understanding
The associated SAED pattern (Figure 2C) reveals the is required of the interactions between MXene and the
hexagonal symmetry of the carbide layers, inherited polymer material. In a previous study, we found that an
from Ti AlC . The EDS spectrum in Figure 2D shows the 18 wt% PVDF solution had the desired viscosity and surface
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atomic percentages of the residue of Ti C MXene; a large tension for NFES ; hence, we measured the conductivity
[94]
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proportion of the char residue featured the anatase phase of composites prepared from 18 wt% PVDF and AgNP/
of Ti C , with O and F atoms represented in comparatively MXene. Here, we found that the electrical conductivity
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small proportions (ca. 23.2% and 5.9%, respectively). increased from 40 to 1,148 µS/cm following the addition
of MXene/AgNP composite to PVDF solution, primarily
3.2. PVDF/Ag-NP/MXene electrospun fibers because the inclusion of AgNPs in MXene improved the
We prepared PET-based piezoelectric devices, featuring electrical conductivity of PVDF composites.
new PVDF/AgNP/MXene electrospun fibers, and
compared the behavior of electrospun fibers formed In order to study the influence of the solution
from PVDF, PVDF/AgNP, PVDF/Mxene, and PVDF/ concentration, the NFES process parameters were adjusted
AgNP/MXene. The decoration of Ag atoms on the MXene as follows: a 20 G needle (outer diameter: 0.91 mm; inner
sheets was achieved through AgNO self-reduction, diameter: 0.61 mm), the speed of the XY dual-axis digital
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as demonstrated using morphological, functional, control platform at 2 mm/s, a high-voltage input of the
and structural characterizations. Figure 1 displays the needle at 14 kV, molecular weight, and the distance between
fabrication process of the all-fiber structures. Doping the needle and the roller collection device at 1 mm. The
stretchable polymer fibers with high-conductivity NPs nanofibers prepared from PVDF/AgNP/MXene with long-
allowed the development of novel functionality, including lasting piezoelectricity were directly etched on the glass
the ability to detect physical deformations. Since its metallic tube. Figure 1E–G presents the images of pure PVDF,

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023)olume 9 Issue 1 (2023)
V 342 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.647