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International Journal of Bioprinting High-performance electrospun PVDF/AgNP/Mxene fiber

Figure 8. (A) Digital images of the sensor while clapping hands, and (B-D) voltage outputs of the sensor detecting the clapping of hands at various
frequencies, i.e., 6, 8, and 9 Hz, respectively.

Figure 9. (A) Circuit schematic representation of LED which is incorporated into the circuit. (B) Image of the LED before it was lit up. (C) Image of the
LED that was lit up when the sensor is touched

microcontroller was employed as an open-source electronic 4. Conclusion
platform with C language programming for electrical signal
processing and counting control. The voltage generated by The addition of AgNP/MXene composite increased
the electrical conductivity of PVDF, improving the
the PVDF/AgNP/MXene composite piezoelectric sensor piezoelectric properties of its entire fiber. FTIR spectra
was used to light an LED. The Arduino, LEDs, piezoelectric revealed that the contents of the α-phase of PVDF were
sensors, and a power management circuit were placed on a lower, and the contents of the β-phase increased after
breadboard to turn on the LED when the sensor was touched. being polarized by high electric field through NFES in
Figure 9A is a schematic representation of the circuit. In PVDF as well as PVDF/AgNP, PVDF/MXene, and PVDF/
this study, the positive terminal of the LED was connected AgNP/MXene composites. Electrical tapping experiments
to a resistor set to 1 MΩ, and it was then connected to pin4 revealed that the output voltages of the energy harvester
of the Arduino, the voltage output channel of the sensor. based on PVDF/AgNP/MXene composite piezoelectric
The generated electrical voltages were further limited by a fiber was higher than those of devices based on pure PVDF
1 MΩ resistor to protect the microcontroller from electric and PVDF/AgNP and PVDF/MXene composites, thus
shocks. The LED would glow after the piezoelectric sensor confirming that the addition of AgNP/MXene increased
had reached the threshold voltage when applying the force. the output voltage of PVDF piezoelectric fibers. We
Figure 9B and C reveals that a commercial red LED could investigated the potential use of PVDF/AgNP/MXene
indeed be lit up. composite fibers as self-powered wearable sensors for the

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Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023)olume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 347 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.647