Page 85 - IJB-9-1

International Journal of Bioprinting

REVIEW ARTICLE
Up-to-date progress in bioprinting of bone

tissue

1,2
Yang Wu *, Ming Li , Hao Su , Huaying Chen , Yonggang Zhu 1
1
1
1
1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Composite/Multi-component Biomaterial Inks and
Bioinks)

Abstract

The major apparatuses used for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting include
extrusion-based, droplet-based, and laser-based bioprinting. Numerous studies have
been proposed to fabricate bioactive 3D bone tissues using different bioprinting
techniques. In addition to the development of bioinks and assessment of their
printability for corresponding bioprinting processes, in vitro and in vivo success of the
bioprinted constructs, such as their mechanical properties, cell viability, differentiation
capability, immune responses, and osseointegration, have been explored. In this
review, several major considerations, challenges, and potential strategies for bone
bioprinting have been deliberated, including bioprinting apparatus, biomaterials,
structure design of vascularized bone constructs, cell source, differentiation factors,
mechanical properties and reinforcement, hypoxic environment, and dynamic
culture. In addition, up-to-date progress in bone bioprinting is summarized in
*Corresponding author: detail, which uncovers the immense potential of bioprinting in re-establishing the
Yang Wu 3D dynamic microenvironment of the native bone. This review aims to assist the
(wuyang2019@hit.edu.cn)
researchers to gain insights into the reconstruction of clinically relevant bone tissues
Citation: Wu Y, Li M, Su H, et al., with appropriate mechanical properties and precisely regulated biological behaviors.
2023, Up-to-date progress in
bioprinting of bone tissue. Int J
Bioprint, 9(1): 628.
https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.628 Keywords: Bioprinting; Bone; Vascularization; Tissue engineering; Mechanical enhancement
Received: April 15, 2022
Accepted: July 20, 2022
Published Online: October 28, 1. Bone: Anatomy and functions
2022 Bone has several crucial functions in the musculoskeletal system, including protecting
Copyright: © 2022 Author(s). organs, producing blood cells, storing minerals, and mechanically supporting the human
This is an Open Access article body . According to their macrostructure, the bone can be categorized into cortical
[1]
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution (or compact) bone or cancellous (or trabecular) bone. Up to 80% of total bone mass consists
License, permitting distribution, of cortical bone, which is dense and has low porosity, contributing to bone’s mechanical
and reproduction in any medium,
[2]
provided the original work is strength . Comparatively, the porous structure of trabecular bone results in tissue with
properly cited. a low compressive strength (e.g., one-tenth that of cortical bone) . As a result of a large
[2]
Publisher’s Note: Whioce surface-to-volume ratio, the trabecular bone provides a structure that allows for good
Publishing remains neutral with contact between bone and blood cells, which is essential for controlling hematopoiesis
regard to jurisdictional claims in
[3]
published maps and institutional and homeostasis . As an example, a long bone has three key regions, including a dense
affiliations. cylindrical shaft made of cortical bone (diaphysis) and two sections at the end made
Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 77 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.628