Page 272 - IJB-9-3

International Journal of Bioprinting Performance of Bredigite-based bone scaffolds

Figure 7. Compressive strength-degradation time curves of two scaffolds with different porosities. The black line, red line, and blue line represent the
TPMS model scaffold with 50%, 60%, and 70% porosity, respectively. The green line, purple line, and yellow line represent the open-rod model scaffold
with 50%, 60%, and 70% porosity, respectively.

during which the pH is no higher than 8.8 owing to the the flow and absorption of nutrients, creating a suitable
balance between cation exchange and apatite formation physiological environment for osteoblasts. The protein
consuming the OH of the SBF. The pH value of the most concentration of the bone scaffold in the TPMS model
-
suitable environment for cell growth in the human body is increases from 0.0766808 ± 0.001 mg/mL at 24 h to 0.089488
between 7.4 and 8.2. However, certain scaffold materials ± 0.00458 mg/mL at 48 h. The protein concentration of
are polymer; therefore, some acidic substances will be the single open-rod scaffold increases from 0.0598376 ±
decomposed in the process of degradation thus changing 0.00173 mg/mL at 24 h to 0.0696628 ± 0.00265 mg/mL at
the pH value of the solution and resulting in tissue and 48 h, indicating that the protein adsorption capacity of the
cell damage and even tissue necrosis. At the beginning of TPMS model is significantly improved compared with that
degradation, the scaffolds of bredigite produce an alkaline of the single open-rod scaffold. This is because the average
environment, which temporarily inhibits osteoblast curvature of the TPMS model is 0, and no singularity is
growth. This environment also inhibits bacteria to prevent present on the surface; this increases the contact area
bacterial invasion of the wound. As shown in the Figure 8, between the protein solution and the scaffold and provides
the overall trend of the pH value change decreases. Because more binding sites for the protein, which is conducive to
the human body contains a relatively perfect mitigation enhancing the adsorption capacity of the protein to the
and repair system, alkaline substances is produced from scaffold.
scaffold degradation can be metabolized and discharged
through osmosis, thus not affecting the acid and alkaline 3.5. Cell adsorption capacity of bredigite scaffolds
substances in the body. By observing the growth morphology of the cells, we
can understand the adsorption of cells on the bredigite
3.4. Protein adsorption capacity of bone tissue- scaffolds. The stronger is the surface adsorption capacity
engineered scaffolds of bredigite of bone scaffolds, the larger is the contact area that can
Concentration of protein adsorbed by two model scaffolds facilitate adhesion, migration, and proliferation of cells,
is shown in Figure 9. As displayed in the figure, the longer thus enhancing the biological activity of bone scaffolds.
is the time, the higher is the protein concentration. This Figure 10a and b show the cell adhesion of ceramics with
indicates that any type of model scaffold can play a role different pore structures of TPMS model scaffolds with
in protein adsorption and the bredigite scaffold promotes 60% porosity after 48 h of culture. Figure 10a depicts

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023) 264 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.708