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International Journal of Bioprinting Decellularized materials for bioprinting of liver constructs

Figure 3. Consideration of bioink formulation and translational path to the clinical setting. The text in the boxes indicates the desired features of bioinks from
design to formulation to translational applications. Adapted from ref. , with copyright permission under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 license.
[93]
achieve these goals, development and selection of organ/ based bioinks for different tissues/organs are shown in
tissue-specific decellularized matrix-derived bioink is Figure 6 [90,115,116] .
considered one of the promising tools for bioprinting
research [107-114] . Researchers are integrating the 3.1. Liver-derived dECM bioinks for liver tissue
advantages of organ-specific decellularized extracellular engineering
matrices (dECM) with supramolecular surface As decellularized materials preserve tissue-specific
functionalization and surface chemistry remodeling to biophysical and biochemical properties that are difficult to
function as selective bioink substrates for target tissues emulate with other synthetic and semisynthetic polymers
and organs. The prerequisites for the broad application or biopolymers isolated from natural sources, liver dECM
of bioinks derived from decellularized materials are as is considered one of the most promising bioink materials
follows: selection of the tissue/organ, decellularization that can provide an efficient supporting framework to
and purification, biochemical, topographical and specific hepatic cells and orchestrate reciprocal interactions
rheological characterizations, and postdecellularization between cells by providing tissue-specific dynamic
modifications. Generally, decellularized matrices microenvironment. Moreover, liver-specific decellularized
are conjugated with other biocompatible materials matrices are composed of specialized biopolymers (e.g.,
in order to enhance the rheological and viscoelastic collagen, elastin, fibrin, glycosaminoglycans), and retain
properties of the bioinks, or utilization of the same many biochemical, biophysical, and biomechanical
for 3D bioprinting of stable, mature, sustainable, signaling molecules of tissue/organ of origin [117-123] .
functional, and clinically relevant human-scale tissue Several studies have begun to adopt dECM-based
and organ equivalents [82,109,110,112] . Applications of dECM- bioinks to replicate organ’s microarchitecture and

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023) 345 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.714