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International Journal of Bioprinting                Simulation-based comparative analysis of nozzles for bioprinting



            which  is  commonly  used  for  bioprinting. Additionally,   Consent for publication
            pneumatic  simulations  were  experimentally  checked  to   Not applicable.
            validate these computational models.

               Both simulation and experimental results showed that   Availability of data
            the 3D printing nozzle can be used for bioprinting with
            better performance than the 22G conical tip. Shear stress,   Not applicable.
            as the most relevant factor for cellular viability, has similar   References
            values, regardless of using either the 0.4 mm 3D printing
            nozzle or the 22G conical tip. Additionally, the 3D printing   1.   Cambridge dictionary, 2023, Bioprinting Definition, viewed
            nozzle can halve the needed dispensing pressure while   on January 23, 2023. (n.d.).
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            volumetric flow, thus speeding up the bioprinting process   https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/diccionario/ingles/
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                                                               2.   Ng WL, Chua CK, Shen YF, 2019, Print me an organ! Why
               In future works, new simulations will be performed   we are not there yet. Progr Polym Sci, 97:101145.
            to study the inner geometry variations in the 3D printing   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101145
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            diameters/gauges conical tips.                        vascularized organ construction. Int J Bioprint, 8(3):588.
                                                                  https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v8i3.588
            Acknowledgments                                    4.   Pedroza-González SC, Rodriguez-Salvador M, Pérez-Benítez

            None.                                                 BE, et al., 2021, Bioinks for 3D bioprinting: A scientometric
                                                                  analysis of two decades of progress. Int J Bioprint, 7(2):337.
            Funding                                               https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i2.337

            This study was supported by Junta de Extremadura,   5.   Ng WL, Lee JM, Zhou M, et al., 2020, Vat polymerization-
            Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital      based bioprinting—Process, materials, applications and
                                                                  regulatory challenges. Biofabrication, 12(2):022001.
            [PD16067,  IB16200,   IB20158   (2021/00110/001),
            GR21201], cofunded by European Union (ERDF “A way     https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ab6034
            to make Europe”), by the Interreg V A Spain - Portugal   6.   Ozbolat IT, Hospodiuk M, 2016, Current advances and
            (POCTEP) 2014-2020 program [0633_BIOIMPACE_4_A]       future  perspectives  in extrusion-based bioprinting.
                                                                  Biomaterials, 76:321–343.
            Conflict of interest                                  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.076
            The authors declare no conflict of interests.      7.   Yilmaz B, Al Rashid A, Mou YA, et al., 2021, Bioprinting: A
                                                                  review of processes, materials and applications. Bioprinting,
            Author contributions                                  23:e00148.
            Conceptualization: Juan Carlos Gómez-Blanco, J. Blas Pagador  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00148
            Formal  analysis:  Juan Carlos Gómez-Blanco, Luisa F.   8.   Li Q, Zhang B, Xue Q, et al., 2021, A systematic thermal analysis
               Sánchez-Peralta                                    for accurately predicting the extrusion printability of alginate-
            Funding acquisition:  Juan Carlos Gómez-Blanco, J. Blas   gelatin-based hydrogel bioinks. Int J Bioprint, 7(3):394.
               Pagador, Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo             https://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i3.394
            Investigation:  Juan Carlos  Gómez-Blanco,  Manuel   9.   Fu E, Wentland L, 2022, A survey of 3D printing technology
               Matamoros, Alfonso Marcos, Victor P. Galván-       applied to paper microfluidics. Lab Chip, 22(1):9–25.
               Chacón, J. Blas Pagador
            Methodology: Juan Carlos Gómez-Blanco, J. Blas Pagador  https://doi.org/10.1039/D1LC00768H
            Writing – original draft: Juan Carlos Gómez-Blanco  10.  Li X, Liu B, Pei B,  et al., 2020, Inkjet bioprinting of
            Writing – review & editing: Manuel Matamoros, Luisa F.   biomaterials. Chem Rev, 120(19):10793–10833.
               Sánchez-Peralta, Victor P. Galván-Chacón, J. Blas   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00008
               Pagador                                         11.  Heinrich MA, Liu W, Jimenez A, et al., 2019, 3D bioprinting:
                                                                  From benches to translational applications.  Small,
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            15(23):1805510.

            Not applicable.                                       https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201805510

            Volume 9 Issue 4 (2023)                        220                         https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.730
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