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International Journal of Bioprinting Multi-Cellular tissues/organoids manufacturing strategies

Figure 7. The components of the BioMicroMesh system: spheroid maintenance module, BioMicroMesh template fabrication platform, bioassembly
platform, multi-organ culture, and collaboration platform.

[16]
so it is essential to develop devices that meet these needs . cost small desktop equipment, which will help promote
At the same time, the research and development of intelligent the promotion and use of instruments and equipment
biofabrication equipment that meets the needs can break experimental efficiency.
through the boundary between scaffold-based and scaffold- Our research group developed a rotary-forming
free strategies and assist the development of fusion strategy. device with a multi-nozzle multi-channel temperature
This point of view has been passed on [108] .
deposition system (MTDS) in 2017 to construct vessel-
The placement method of the aggregate spheroids, if like structures [110,111] . We are currently developing the
3D-printed and bioassembled robots fused, will allow the BioMicroMesh system (BMMs), as shown in Figure 7, a
creation of more complex, metabotropic, higher-fidelity biofabrication device that combines 3D bioprinting and
biological tissue structures and the precise placement of bioassembly technology for fully automated tissue and
different cell types in 3D, resulting in the construction organoid model manufacturing. The BMMs comprises six
of multi-cellular organoids. Because the fusion strategy parts: cell aggregate spheroids manufacture and storage,
combines the advantages of the scaffold-based and the micromesh manufacture, ventilation and disinfection, pick
scaffold-free strategies, manual placement of the spheroids and place microbot, multi-bioreactor, and master controller.
into the scaffold limits the throughput of such procedures. BMMs uses 3D bioprinting techniques to manufacture
Fortunately, this problem can be solved with currently micromesh templates and bioassembly techniques to pick and
available technology, as several recent reports have place heterogeneous cell aggregate spheroids for assembling
used various robotic systems capable of autonomously into complete tissue structures or organoid models.
maneuvering and placing spheres [6,52,109] . However, the
development of technology and equipment is the means 5. Conclusion
to promote this balance. The above equipment can only
be used for the placement of aggregate spheroids and The scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies for the
cannot be combined with 3D-printed scaffolds. Therefore, biofabrication of multi-cellular tissues or organoids are
developing unmanned and intelligent assembly line discussed in this review. The scaffold-based strategy is
biofabrication equipment that integrates scaffold-based effective in constructing the microenvironment necessary
and scaffold-free strategies is an essential direction for for tissue or organoid survival, but it is becoming more
future equipment research, especially developing low- complex and requires cumbersome preparation of bioinks.

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 214 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0135