Page 254 - IJB-9-6

International Journal of Bioprinting 3D-Printed GelMA biomaterials in cartilage repair

Table 1. Modifications of GelMA hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering
Materials Modifications Aims Properties of modification Characteristics of GelMA after modifications In vitro outcomes In vivo outcomes
GelMA Increased concentration or ultraviolet Improve mechanical properties N/A Controlled stiffness and swelling properties N/A N/A
(UV) irradiation time
GelMA Introduction of oligomer of dopamine Improve mechanical properties Good biocompatibility; adhesive property; Enhanced toughness and resilience; controlled Promoted chondrocyte adhesion and Good cartilage repair abilities
methacrylate (ODMA) tunable property; versatility degradation rate; continued protein release proliferation
GelMA Incorporation of polyacrylamide (PAM) Improve mechanical properties Biocompatibility; hydrophilicity; controlled Enhanced compression strength and improved Good cell adhesion and biocompatibility Good cartilage repair ability in rabbit knee
mechanical properties; versatility elasticity; a favorable degradation rate and sustained in vitro cartilage defect model
protein release
GelMA Incorporation of thiolated heparin Improve integration and Ability to bind to various biomolecules and Preserved anticoagulation and growth for signaling Greater cell differentiation and cartilage N/A
(HepSH) adhesion surfaces; biocompatibility; anticoagulant capacity; promoted cell viability and chondrocyte matrix deposition in vitro
properties; versatility phenotype.
GelMA with ε-polylysine Modified Gel-EPL/B hydrogel Improve integration and EPL: Interact with negatively charged cell Improved mechanical properties and better suited Induction of more ECM and improved Promoted tissue repair of cartilage defects
(EPL) and phenylboronic adhesion surfaces and ECM; biocompatibility and for chondrocyte production chondrogenesis
acid (PBA) antimicrobial properties;
PBA: Binding properties to sugars;
biocompatibility; stability; versatility
GelMA Microbial transglutaminase Seamless integration A significant increase in adhesive strength N/A N/A
PEGDA/GelMA PEGDA Promote adhesion and improve Biocompatibility; versatility; hydrophilicity; Different adhesion ligand densities and stiffness N/A Improved integration and adhesion with in situ
mechanical properties photopolymerization; biodegradability properties tissues
GelMA/AGA Grafted glucosamine molecules onto Provide an effective approach Biocompatibility; anti-inflammatory; More than 87.7% of 15% (w/v) GelMA hydrogel Better biocompatibility, larger cell Best integration in in vivo rabbit cartilage repair
acrylate groups of GlcN delivery to a target site cartilage-building properties was grafted with AGA attachment, and higher cell viability
GelMA Introduction of tyrosine (Tyr) groups Improve mechanical properties Form strong hydrogen bonds Tyramine binding to proteins in native cartilage Neocartilage formation from embedded Improved adhesion to the surrounding tissue,
leads to a 15-fold increment in the adhesive chondroprogenitor cells is demonstrated and improved lateral integration of neocartilage
strength of the bioglue compared to pristine GelMA in vitro
GelMA/ECM-PFS Introduction of RGD peptides PFS Improve integration and No changes in physical properties Enhanced mechanical properties; recruitment of GelMA/ECM-PFS could regulate the Facilitated recruitment and chondrogenesis of
( peptide sequence PFSSTKT) adhesion BMSCs; improved hyaline cartilage repair in rabbits migration of rabbit BMSCs BMSCs, and promoted hyaline cartilage repair
in rabbit
GelMA/PLLA Poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) Improve printing fidelity and Biocompatibility; biodegradability; Fabricated constructs with a compressive stress Support BMSCs proliferation and N/A
mechanical strengths mechanical strength; versatility; controlled of ≈150 kPa even after 100 cyclical compression chondrogenesis
release loading (up to 40% of strain)
GelMA/PEGDA/CSMA PEGDA/CSMA Adjust mechanical strength Possess suitable compressive elastic modulus and Provide a 3D support for BMSCs; the N/A
and guide chondrogenesis of degradation rate differentiation lineage could be changed by
BMSCs adjusting the percentage of CSMA

Figure 7. Process of 3D-printed GelMA-based biomaterials delivering cells or growth factors to the injured site of articular cartilage.

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 246 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0116