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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing and bioprinting in urology

Figure 1. Flow chart of the literature search used in this study based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)
method.

Figure 2. The number of published papers with “3D printing” as the topic subject (TS) term in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) (A) and the
Essential Science Indicators (ESI) (B) of the Web of Science Core Collection between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022.

gelatin, and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), which can be of hydrogels) incorporating cells at room temperature, and
easily printed with live cell ink. The ink extruded from the the greatest disadvantage is the generally poor mechanical
nozzle can be divided into two states: fiber (Figure 5D-i) properties of the scaffolds obtained. In the future, high-
and droplet (Figure 5D-ii). The DIW technology with strength hydrogels can be studied in-depth to further
continuous uniform diameter fiber state is widely applied develop and popularize the adoption and acceptance of
to print various bioink applications. Especially, it has been DIW technology in biofabrication. In addition to the
widely adopted in the last decade for use in research. The DIW technology that uses droplet state, there are two
greatest advantage of DIW technology is that it allows the other 3D printing technologies that we know of through
biofabrication of widely available materials (various types droplets, and they are MJ (Figure 5E) and BJ (Figure 5F).

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 328 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0969