Page 484 - IJB-9-6

International Journal of Bioprinting Bioprinting cell-laden protein-based hydrogel

Tables 2. Summary of biophysical parameters affecting PBHs’ bioprinting in the cartilage and bone TE
Cell type (cell density)/
Considered Bioink animal model/target Printing method/ Results Reference
factors composition crosslinking approach
tissue
Composition Alginate (0.8% P3 hMSCs (1.67 × 10 , 5 Extrusion/physical • Higher content of DNA, enhanced [114]
6
6
6
and 1.8% w/v)/ × 10 , and 15 × 10 cells/ crosslinking (ionic expression of collagen type I–al-
gelatin (4.1% mL)/-/bone crosslinking) pha-II, increased ALP activity, and
w/v) stimulated osteogenic differenti-
ation in soft scaffolds (0.8% w/v
alginate)
• Less mineralized tissue and lower
mineral formation rate in stiff
constructs
• Observed cells with a 3D cellular
network and osteoblast- and early
osteocyte-related gene expressions
in soft scaffolds
GelMA (15% HuCol2gLuc (2 × 10 6 Extrusion/chemical • Enhanced chondrogenesis in the [115]
w/v)/HAMA cells/mL)/-/cartilage crosslinking (pho- GelMA/HAMA bioink over the
(2% w/v) (1:1 to-crosslinking) GelMA one alone
and 2:1) • High cellular viability (≥ 90%)
• Higher level of cellular mobility in
the softer printed construct (1:1)

Biodegradation GelMA (7% Tonsil-derived MSCs (10 Extrusion/chemical • Achieved a printed scaffold (7% [117]
w/v)/GMHA × 10 cells/mL)/female crosslinking (pho- GelMA/5% GMHA), being fairly
6
(3% and 5% BALB/c nude mice/car- to-crosslinking) stable, preserving its shape well,
w/v) tilage and having a low rate of degra-
dation
• High viability of cells and regener-
ated cartilage-like tissues
• Enhanced expression of collagen
type II and formed hyaline matri-
ces 3 weeks post-implantation
PEGDA (6% Primary porcine chondro- Extrusion/chemical • Delayed degradation rate after [118]
w/v)/gelatin (9% cytes (2 × 10 cells/mL)/-/ crosslinking (pho- adding PEGDA to the composition
6
w/v)/SilMA (3% cartilage to-crosslinking) • Obtained a printed hydrogel with
w/v) 90% degradation after 28 days of
incubation in protease enzyme

SilMA (10%, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts DLP/chemical cross- • Achieved degradation percentages [119]
15%, and 25% (2 × 10 cells/mL)/-/bone linking (photo-cross- of 91.0 ± 2.27%, 64.8 ± 3.2%, and
6
w/v) linking) 48.6 ± 2.15% at 21 days for groups
of 10%, 15%, and 25% w/v SilMA
scaffolds, respectively
• Better proliferation and attach-
ment of the cells in 15% SilMA
construct

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 476 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1089