Page 489 - IJB-9-6

International Journal of Bioprinting Bioprinting cell-laden protein-based hydrogel

GelMA (15% w/v)/ HUVECs and hBM- Extrusion/chemical • Generated perfusable lumen [150]
VEGF/silicate SCs (2 × 10 cells/ crosslinking (pho- possessing an endothelial lining
6
nanoplatelets mL)/-/bone to-crosslinking) at the construct’s center post-bi-
oprinting
• Differentiation of hBMSCs in the
inner gel to the smooth muscle
cells, promoting the formation of
vessels and enhancing the HU-
VECs proliferation
• Promoted HUVEC’s survival and
vasculogenesis, as well as formed
mature bone niche by hBMSCs
after 21 days
Alginate sulfate (1% hBMSCs (20 × 10 Extrusion/chemical • Supported robust in vitro chon- [151]
6
w/v)/GelMA (10% cells/mL)/BALB/c crosslinking (pho- drogenesis due to the sustained
w/v)/ TGF-β OlaHsd-Foxn1nu to-crosslinking) release of TGF-β , with little
3 3
nude mice/cartilage mineralization or hypertrophy
• Higher levels of sGAGs and
collagen type II, as well as greater
accumulation of matrix in groups
treated with GF-loaded constructs

Decellularized -/New Zealand White Stereolithography/ • Achieved constructs retaining [139]
cartilage ECM (2% rabbits/osteochondral chemical crosslink- exosomes, restoring chondro-
wt)/GelMA (10% ing (photo-cross- cytes’ mitochondrial dysfunction,
w/v) containing linking) improving cells migration, and
BMSCs-derived polarizing the synovial macro-
exosomes phage response towards an M2
phenotype
• Formation of smooth tissues,
regenerated fibrocartilage and
hyaline-like cartilage, and more
ossified tissues in ECM/GelMA/
exosome-treated groups
• Higher score for animals treated
with exosome-embedded struc-
tures at 6 weeks after implantation
Atelocollagen type hMSCs (5 × 10 cells/ Extrusion/- • Formation of a connective tissue [154]
6
I (4% w/v) with (i) mL) white male rats capsule with multiple blood
hMSCs and with (ii) (155–230 g; aged vessels and detected cells with
decellularized ECM 1.5–2 months)/car- cytoplasm including collagen type
granules (2.5% w/v) tilage II in the first group
and hMSCs • Small islands of cartilaginous tis-
sue with irregular shapes adjacent
to the construct in the first group
GFs and signaling molecules • tiny isogenic groups, and the
•
Generation of a cartilage tissue
with chondroblasts forming
produced ECM having a great
content of GAG in the second
group
Observed intense reaction to
collagen type II by the tissue and
signs of reduced proliferative
activity in the second group

bioprinting techniques [165,166] . It needs to be considered weight, an essential parameter influencing rheological
that by extraction and purification procedures, proteins properties [167] . To achieve the required purification degree
can be degraded which negatively impacts their molecular while ensuring the best quality, selecting the proper

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 481 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1089