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International Journal of Bioprinting Fine collagen scaffold for osteogenesis

and incubated overnight at 4°С with primary antibodies 2.9. Statistical analyses
targeting N-cadherin (NCAD), alkaline phosphatase Each experiment was performed independently in
(ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α a minimum of three replicates. Statistical analyses
(HIF-1α), β-catenin, and GADPH. After being washed were conducted using either Student’s t-test or one-
three times with Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20 way analysis of variance, as appropriate, to evaluate
(Beyotime, China), the membranes were incubated at
room temperature with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated differences between treatment groups. All analyses were
secondary antibodies for 1.5 h. Lastly, an enhanced performed using GraphPad Prism 7 (GraphPad Software,
chemiluminescence detection kit (Beyotime, China) was Inc., USA). The p-value less than 0.05 was considered
used to visualize the immunoreactive bands. statistically significant.

Figure 1. A schematic of cellulose oxidization. Abbreviation: NaIO₄, sodium periodate.

Figure 2. A schematic of Schiff-base interaction formation between collagen and hydroxylmethyl cellulose

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 228 doi: 10.36922/IJB025140116