Page 144 - IJOCTA-15-1

N. Tekbıyık-Ersoy / IJOCTA, Vol.15, No.1, pp.137-154 (2025)
was imported. This situation not only increases of the development may differ from one country
the amount spent on the imported fossil fuels but to another. This paper focuses on determining
also raises the level of greenhouse gases emissions the driving forces behind T¨urkiye’s renewable en-
in the country. Depending on expensive imported ergy development (mainly the installed RE ca-
energy sources places a significant burden on the pacity trend). The main goal is to develop effi-
economy and price stability in the country, and cient models that can be used in predicting the
affects country’s self sufficiency. According to the renewable energy development in T¨urkiye. The
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study in, this dependency is one of the main main contributions of this study are to utilize
causes of the high trade deficit and the account optimization techniques in developing the mod-
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deficit in T¨urkiye. Moreover, reports that 81.2% els and considering a wide range of modeling pa-
of the greenhouse gas emissions in T¨urkiye are rameters. To the best of the author’s knowl-
caused by the energy sector, and that the fossil edge, such an optimization problem formulation
fuels are responsible for 85% of that sector based with the considered modeling parameters have
emissions. not been considered by previous studies focus-
ing on T¨urkiye’s renewable energy development.
Due to its geographical location, T¨urkiye is pre- The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Sec-
dicted to be impacted severely by the follow- tion 2 presents the literature review. Section 3
ing climate change effects; heat waves, water provides a short overview of latest RE related
shortage, difficulties in agriculture, and drought. trends/developments in T¨urkiye. Section 4 dis-
Hence, T¨urkiye took some actions to exploit cusses the methodology. The results are presented
its indigenous resources and raise the share of
in Section 5, and Section 6 concludes the study.
the renewable energy (RE) in electricity produc-
tion. The main goals were decreasing greenhouse 2. Related work
gas emissions, tackling climate change, and de-
creasing dependence on foreign countries to im- Many studies have investigated the link between
prove energy security. The geographic location renewable energy and other factors in T¨urkiye. In
of T¨urkiye with warm and humid climate proper- this section, the relevant previous studies will be
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ties provide appropriate circumstances to utilize reviewed. The authors of investigate the effects
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renewable energy sources to a wide extent. More- of renewable energy consumption on GDP (Gross
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over, according to the study in, T¨urkiye is among Domestic Product) in T¨urkiye. They employ a
the top five countries in the World in terms of Cobb-Douglas type production function and Au-
geothermal resources. Especially in the last few toregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach in
years, T¨urkiye started to utilize its RE potential order to perform the analysis. The study uses
more efficiently. When the total global RE ca- data over the period 1990–2015. The models
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pacity or generation is considered, T¨urkiye ranked adopted in include technology, capital, labour,
4 th in the World in terms of geothermal power ca- democracy, fossil energy consumption, and re-
pacity, 3 rd in solar water heating collector capac- newable energy consumption. The study con-
ity, and 2 nd in geothermal heat output/capacity, cludes that GDP is not related with renewable en-
three years in a row (From 2017-2019). 7-9 Also, ergy consumption in T¨urkiye. The authors claim
T¨urkiye declared that renewable energy sources that this result may stem from the low share
(RES) would account for 30% in total electricity of renewable energy in total energy and there-
production by 2023. 10 According to the data in, 4 fore, if the share of renewable energy increases
in 2020, 42.4% of the cumulative electricity gen- in T¨urkiye, renewable energy can satisfy expec-
eration in T¨urkiye came from renewable sources tations related with economic growth. Similarly,
(25.6% hydropower, 8.1% wind, 3.7% solar, 3.3% the study in 10 uses ARDL approach and Environ-
geothermal and 1.8% biomass) and in the end of mental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis to in-
st
the 1 half of 2021, installed capacity in T¨urkiye vestigate the relationship between CO 2 emissions,
reached 97.7 GW, 53% of which is from renew- electricity from renewables and GDP in T¨urkiye
ables. during 1961–2010. The results of the study indi-
cate that renewable electricity production is ex-
There are many factors forcing countries to pro- pected to contribute to environmental enhance-
mote RE, such as; the political situation of fos- ment with a one year lag. The authors also
sil fuel exporter countries, the problems in in- state that a statistically significant relationship
ternational energy trade, the volatility of global between CO 2 emissions could not be obtained
fossil fuel (such as oil, natural gas, etc.) prices, when renewable energy production including hy-
and environmental concerns. However, the driv- dro was considered. According to the authors,
ing forces behind the development and the pace GHG (Greenhouse gas) emissions might start to
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