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Taneja and Taneja

the severity of ground shaking was estimated by using following Bore and Atkinsons’ (2008) Ground Motions Prediction
Equations (GMPE) (Figure 1).
ln Y = F (M) + F (R ,M) + F (V ,R ,M) (1)
D
M
JB
JB
S30
S
Here, F , F , and F were the magnitude scaling, distance function, and site amplification. M was the moment
M
D
S
magnitude, R was the Joyner Boore source to site distance, and V was the inverse of average shear wave slowness
JB
S30
from the surface to a depth of 30 km. The ground motion parameters were amplified towards the southwest which is due to
the Indo-Gangetic plain region. The maximum Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) was estimated to be 1.17 g. The damage
intensities were obtained from the equations following proposed by Wald, Quitoriano, Heaton, et al. (1999) based on
observations noted from the California Earthquake,
For I < 5
I = 2.20 log (PGA) + 1.00 (2)
mm
For I ≥ 5
I = 3.66 log (PGA) -1.66 (3)
mm
Information regarding the population, housing types, etc., was obtained from the Indian census 2011 data for the
regions under study. The exposure was estimated for a night scenario. The resulted in injuries and deaths due to scenario

Figure 1. Population densities (persons per sq. km) over intensity contours (Source: Sinha 2014).

Table 2. Projected injuries and deaths in Mandi EDS.
State/UT Injuries Injuries (% population) Deaths Deaths (% population)
Himachal Pradesh 1,109,500 16.18 161,000 2.35
Haryana 1,596,100 7.66 345,800 1.36
Punjab 2,014,700 8.96 462,500 1.67
Chandigarh UT 102,400 12.00 24,200 2.33
Total 4,822,700 993,500
Source: Sinha et al. (2012; 2014). EDS: Earthquake Damage Scenario.

International Journal of Population Studies | 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1 33