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Innovative Medicines & Omics Fermentation in dermatology

1. Introduction the stability of these acids, which may be one more
reason for their effectiveness in cosmetic formulations.
Dermatology and cosmetic science increasingly embrace Besides acids, microbial fermentation of vitamins, such
the use of fermented plant extracts (FPEs) with their as B3, A, and E has also been shown to improve stability
profound effects on skin health and beauty. Fermentation is and bioactivity. Fermented vitamins help improve skin
a time-honored process that avails itself of microorganisms health by enhancing better skin absorption, reducing
in the deconstruction of organic materials into their inflammation, and providing defense against oxidation.
constituent parts, therefore increasing bioavailability Fermentation enhances the bioactivity of such vitamin
and allowing the creation of new phytochemicals with manifold, which thereby allows them to be much more
superior properties. This biotechnological development effective in mitigating various skin concerns related to
has had very positive results on the formulation of inflammation, dryness, and oxidative damage. However,
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skincare products that are much more effective than the role of fermented microorganisms in skin care does
their non-fermented counterparts. Fermentation will not stop at the mere fermentation of plant extracts and
enhance the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound- acids. Skin metabolites generated by skin-associated
healing, anti-melanogenic, and antioxidant properties of bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas eutropha and Enterococcus
plant materials substantially, which makes them valuable faecalis, have provided immense benefits to skin health.
addenda in today’s skincare regimens. One impressive N. eutropha is known to convert ammonia that is formed
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example regarding the benefits of fermentation involves from sweat to nitric oxide compounds that are known to be
the transformation of Panax ginseng. This traditional herb beneficial for toning down pigmentations and wrinkling,
shows a more powerful anti-wrinkle and whitening effect while E. faecalis excretes out antimicrobial peptides which
when fermented, higher in efficacy to reduce the visible are active against Cutibacterium acnes and hence result in
signs of aging and hyperpigmentation than the one that is new anti-acne treatments. In addition, probiotics, such as
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non-fermented. This improvement is due to an increase Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus have
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in the concentration of bioactive compounds and the other advantages, such as enhancing immune responses,
generation of new phytochemicals produced through inhibiting inflammation, and improving the skin barrier.
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fermentation. Similarly, fermented black ginseng enhanced This review elucidates the heightened awareness in regard
the synthesis of collagen and reduced melanogenesis, to fermentation playing a better role in skin health and
further supporting the maintenance of skin that is young further developments that are likely to emerge on the
and evenly toned. 3 care of the skin. The aim of this review is to find different

Besides plant extracts, other natural materials subjected functional fermentation products from deferent source as
to a fermentation process also serve beneficial purposes, plant, vitamins, amino acids, and microbiome metabolites
including extracts from fermented extracts of Magnolia as shown in (Figure 1).
denudata (Common name: Yulan Magnolia) Scientific
name: Magnolia denudata, unpolished black rice (Common 2. Natural-derived functional substances
name: forbidden rice or purple rice) Scientific name: Oryza using microbial fermentation
sativa japonica, which have major antioxidant and skin- 2.1. Plant fermentation effect on skin health
whitening properties. These fermented materials also
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have strong protective activity against oxidative stress, one FPEs are practical liquids that are made by the fermentation
of the major causative agents in skin aging and damage. of fresh plants by microorganisms, mostly bacteria and
The increased efficiency of the extracts in question would fungi. Fermentation must be carried out to provide a
be in turn a direct result of the fermentation process as a suitable matrix of biologically active molecules with a
method enabling an increase in active ingredient content range of biological characteristics. Presenting verified
and introducing metabolic products not present within data on the biological activity of FPEs for cutaneous and
raw materials. Another group of valuable metabolites cosmetic applications is the aim as well as some potential
produced by fermentations are fermented acids, such as applications for the skin. Furthermore, fermentation can
hyaluronic, kojic, citric, glycolic, and ascorbic acids. With increase the antioxidant activity of plant extracts associated
a smaller molecule size than their non-fermented cousins, with increased concentrations of phytochemicals, mainly
these acids are well recognized for superior penetration by causing microbial hydrolysis or biotransformation to
through the skin. This superior level of skin penetration produce antioxidant peptides, antioxidant polyphenols,
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enables them to exhibit deeper therapeutic effects, maintain and antioxidant polysaccharides.
microbiota balance, and provide antioxidant protection. Lactobacillus brevis has been used to assess P. ginseng
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Moreover, the fermentation process generally enhances (red ginseng [RG]) and fermented RG (FRG) as

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 20 doi: 10.36922/imo.5020