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Innovative Medicines & Omics Fermentation in dermatology

Figure 1. The mechanism of activity of the fermented compounds on skin

cosmetic components, specifically focusing on their when compared to RG, FRG has better anti-wrinkle
anti-aging potential and skin safety. Compared to RG, and whitening properties and lower toxicological
FRG demonstrates higher concentrations of uronic potency. 10
acid, flavonoids, and polyphenols, as well as elevated Fermented Panax notoginseng polysaccharide (FPNP)
antioxidant activity. Notably, no significant changes have prevents the decline in antioxidant activity and the
been observed in the total ginsenoside content, although expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione
FRG exhibits higher levels of ginsenoside metabolites peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, which are typically
than RG. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity (half-maximal induced by hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and reduces
inhibitory concentration [IC ) of FRG (27.63 µg/mL) is reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde
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more potent than that of RG (34.14 µg/mL). Similarly, levels. Moreover, it was reported that FPNP, fermented by
the elastase inhibitory activity (IC ) of FRG (117.07 µg/ Saccharomyces cerevisiae, prevented the damage produced
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mL) surpasses that of RG (157.90 µg/mL). Both 10% RG 11
and 10% FRG are classified as essentially non-irritating by H O in collagen and elastin in human fibroblast cells.
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materials in initial skin irritation tests. However, in skin Using human fibroblasts (HS68), an in vitro experiment
sensitivity assessments, the RG group demonstrated a assessed FBG as a potential skin-whitening and anti-
sensitization rate of 100% and an average irritation score wrinkle ingredient. At concentrations below 10 µg/mL,
of 1.4, as opposed to the FRG group, which demonstrated FBG did not exhibit cytotoxicity, while at doses up to
a sensitization rate of 20% and an average irritation score 100 µg/mL, the bio ferment was harmless to the eyes. In
of 0.2. After fermentation, FRG possesses elevated levels human fibroblasts, it significantly increased the type I
of ginsenoside metabolites, including Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, procollagen expression level at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10
compound K, Rh1, F2, Rg2, and flavonoids. Consequently, µg/mL when fermented by S. cerevisiae. FBG’s anti-wrinkle
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Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 21 doi: 10.36922/imo.5020