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Innovative Medicines & Omics Fermentation in dermatology

Table 1. Examples of other vitamins produced by microorganisms and their respective functions on skin
Vitamin Chemical structure Microbes involved Function on skin Description of benefits
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Staphylococcus Acts as an antioxidant, Riboflavin protects skin cells
epidermidis, supports cellular from oxidative damage and helps
Corynebacterium energy production, in repairing skin exposed to
spp. enhances skin integrity, environmental stressors, such as UV
and repair rays. 37

Vitamin B3 (Niacin/ Staphylococcus Functions as an Niacinamide helps in building
Niacinamide) epidermidis, anti-inflammatory keratin, keeps skin firm and healthy,
Cutibacterium acnes agent, improves skin improves skin barrier function, and
hydration, helps reduce reduces signs of aging. 38
redness

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Propionibacterium Functions as an Pantothenic acid supports the
acid) spp., Staphylococcus anti-inflammatory synthesis of coenzyme A which is
spp. agent, enhances wound important for cell regeneration and
healing, maintains skin soothing irritated or damaged skin. 39
hydration

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Cutibacterium acnes, Reduces skin irritation, Pyridoxine supports skin health
Streptococcus spp. enhances immune by helping enzymes that regulate
defense metabolism and protein production,
providing protection against
pathogens. 40

Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Propionibacterium Improves skin barrier Biotin maintains skin hydration,
acnes, function, supports elasticity, and smoothness, aiding in
Corynebacterium anti-inflammatory the formation of fatty acids essential
spp. processes for skin health. 41

Vitamin B9 (Folate) Lactobacillus spp., Promotes cell Folate is essential for cell division,
Bifidobacterium spp. renewal, supports and in the skin, it can promote faster
DNA synthesis, helps regeneration, beneficial for healing
maintain youthful skin wounds and blemishes. 42

Vitamin B12 Propionibacterium Regulates microbiota, Cobalamin supports cellular energy
(Cobalamin) acnes, Staphylococcus essential for DNA production and may help control
aureus synthesis and cell inflammation and acne by regulating
metabolism skin microbial balance. 43

Vitamin K2 Staphylococcus Supports blood Menaquinone helps with wound
(Menaquinone) epidermidis, Bacillus clotting, provides healing due to its role in blood
spp. antioxidant benefits clotting and provides antioxidant
protection, which may reduce
wrinkles and sunspots. 44

(Cont'd...)

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 25 doi: 10.36922/imo.5020