Page 51 - ITPS-7-1

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Anticancer activity of cyanobacteria

the other hand, lyngbyabellin B is more toxic to mice than In addition, patellamide A has demonstrated cytotoxicity
lyngbyabellin A. In addition, lyngbyabellin E to I exhibited against acute CEM leukemia cells, with an IC of
50
cytotoxicity against NCI-H460 and Neuro-2a cells, with 0.028 μg/mL [28,59] .
LC values ranging from 0.2 to 4.8 μM . Lyngbyabellin
[55]
50
N has been shown to possess potent cytotoxicity against 3.10. Polyketides
the HCT116 cell line, with an IC of 40.9 ± 3.3 nM . 3.10.1. Aplysiatoxins
[57]
50
However, lyngbyabellins K, L, M, and 7-epi-lyngbyabellin The aplysiatoxins (Figure 6) are polyketide metabolites
L did not show any toxic activity compared to other derived from various types of cyanobacteria, such as
compounds [55-57] . Oscillatoria sp., L. majuscula, Lyngbya sp., Schizothrix
3.9.2. Majusculamides calcicola, Oscillatoria nigroviridis, Trichodesmium
erythraeum, and M. producens. Among these aplysiatoxins,
Majusculamide C and D (Figure 6) and some are new analogs such as neo-aplysiatoxin A, neo-
desmethoxymajusculamide C are cyclopeptolides derived debromoaplysiatoxin A, dolastatin 3, lyngbic acid,
from the marine cyanobacterium L. majuscula. Majusculamide malyngamide M, hermitamide A, (−)-loliolide, and
C demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against ovarian (+)-epiloliolide. These compounds have been found to be
carcinoma (OVCAR-3), kidney cancer (A498), glioblastoma cytotoxic against mouse leukemia cells, with IC values
SF-295, NCI-H460, and colorectal cancer (KM20L2) cell lines ranging from 4.6 to 10 μg/mL [28,60] . 50
with IC values of 0.51, 0.058, 0.013, 0.0032, and 0.0013 μg/
50
mL, respectively . Desmethoxymajusculamide C has been 3.10.2. Caldorazole
[58]
shown to display strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116, Extracted from Caldora sp., caldorazole (Figure 6) has two
[9]
with an IC value of 20 nM . Moreover, majusculamide D thiazole rings and an O-methylenolpyruvamide moiety.
50
is cytotoxic to PANC-1, U251N, HepG2, NCI-H125, and This compound has been found to be effective against a
P388, with IC values of 0.32, 36.8, 1396, 147, and 3.3 nM, few different cancer cell lines, such as CaSki and HT-1080
50
respectively . (with IC of 0.068 and 0.074 μM, respectively) . It has
[58]
[61]
50
also been shown to be cytotoxic against three types of HeLa
3.9.3. Patellamides
cell lines (HeLa, HeLa S3Mer–, and HeLa S3), with IC
50
Patellamides (Figure 6) are cyclic octa-peptides containing values ranging from 0.023 to 0.048 μM . The cytotoxicity
[61]
thiazoles and oxazolines. These compounds are obtained of caldorazole might be executed through the inhibition
from Prochloron didemni. Patellamides A, B, and C have of the activity of complex I in mitochondria; therefore,
been found to exhibit anticancer activity against the L1210 caldorazole is a promising selective targeting agent for
cell line, with IC values ranging from 2 to 3.9 μg/mL . cancer cells when glucose is restricted .
[59]
[61]
50

Figure 6. Chemical structure of majusculamides, patellamide A, aplysiatoxin, caldorazole, iezoside, and caldoramide.

Volume 7 Issue 1 (2024) 8 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.1388